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thumb|right|270px|Structure of the amylose molecule. thumb|right|270px|Structure of the amylopectin molecule.

Wheat%20starch%20granules.JPG

Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odorless powder that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol. It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin. Depending on the plant, starch generally contains 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin. Glycogen, the glucose store of animals, is a more branched version of amylopectin.

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Wikipedia About Starch

thumb|right|270px|Structure of the amylose molecule. thumb|right|270px|Structure of the amylopectin molecule.

Wheat%20starch%20granules.JPG

Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odorless powder that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol. It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin. Depending on the plant, starch generally contains 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin. Glycogen, the glucose store of animals, is a more branched version of amylopectin.

Starch can be used as a thickening, stiffening or gluing agent when dissolved in warm water, giving wheatpaste.

Name

The word "starch" is derived from Middle English sterchen, meaning to stiffen. "Amylum" is Latin for starch, from the Greek "amulon" which means "not ground at a mill". The root amyl is used in biochemistry for several compounds related to starch.

History

Wheat starch paste was used by Egyptians to glue papyrus, to stiffen cloth and during weaving linen. Romans used it also in cosmetic creams, to powder the hair and to thicken sauces. Persians and Indians used it to make dishes similar to wheat halva. In China, with the invention of paper, rice starch was used as a surface treatment of the paper.

Energy store of plants

In photosynthesis, plants use light energy to produce glucose from carbon dioxide. The glucose is stored mainly in the form of starch granules, in plastids such as chloroplasts and especially amyloplasts. Toward the end of the growing season, starch accumulates in twigs of trees near the buds. Fruit, seeds, rhizomes, and tubers store starch to prepare for the next growing season.

Glucose is soluble in water, hydrophilic, binds much water and takes up much space; glucose in the form of starch, on the other hand, is not soluble and can be stored much more compactly.

Since starch is a reserve sugar for the plant, glucose molecules are bound in starch by the easily hydrolyzed alpha bonds. The same type of bond can also be seen in the animal reserve polysaccharide glycogen. This is in contrast to many structural polysaccharides such as chitin, cellulose and peptidoglycan, which are bound by beta-ties and are much more resistant to hydrolysis.

Biosynthesis

Plants produce starch by first converting glucose 1-phosphate to ADP-glucose using the enzyme glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase. This step requires energy in the form of ATP. The enzyme starch synthase then adds the ADP-glucose via a 1,4-alpha glycosidic bond to a growing chain of glucose residues, liberating ADP and creating amylose. Starch branching enzyme introduces 1,6-alpha glycosidic bonds between these chains, creating the branched amylopectin. The starch debranching enzyme isoamylase removes some of these branches. Several isoforms of these enzymes exist, leading to a highly complex synthesis process.

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News about Starch

Thailand faces big losses from tapioca intervention

The Malaysian InsiderBANGKOK, March 26 — The Thai government stands to lose at least 6 billion baht (RM625 million) from its tapioca intervention as it releases produce from its stockpiles over the next few months, a senior official said today. Thailand is the world's biggest exporter of tapioca, a starch made from cassava and used for food, feedstuffs and increasingly as a raw material for biofuels. The government ...http://www.themalaysianinsider.com.my/index.php/business/213...

Global crisis brings threat of protectionism

Reuters via Yahoo! UK & Ireland News(Reuters) - G20 leaders pledged at their November summit to fight protectionism, yet 18 of their economies are named in a World Trade Organisation (WTO) report on measures taken in recent months that could be seen as restricting trade.http://uk.news.yahoo.com/22/20090327/tpl-uk-g20-protectionis...

(AFX UK Focus) 2009-03-27 18:40 FACTBOX-Global crisis brings threat of protectionism

Interactive InvestorMarch 27 (Reuters) - G20 leaders pledged at their November summit to fight protectionism, yet 18 of their economies are named in a World Trade Organisation (WTO) report on measures taken in recent months that could be seen as restricting trade. The report, published on March 26, includes bailouts and stimulus packages to support industries such as carmaking. The only G20 countries not listed are ....http://www.iii.co.uk/news/?type=afxnews&articleid=7242406&su...

white papers

IT WorldThe U.S. Library of Congress plans to make audio and video materials available on iTunes and YouTube.http://www.itworld.com/library-congress

Library of Congress embraces YouTube, iTunes

IT WorldThe U.S. Library of Congress has begun uploading its audio archives to iTunes, and it will soon begin to post videos on YouTube, in an effort to make its materials easier for the public to access.http://www.itworld.com/internet/65247/library-congress-embra...

News about Starch

Corn Products International to Webcast Presentation at 2009 BMO ...

MSN MoneyCentralThe Company, headquartered in Westchester, Ill., is a leading worldwide supplier of dextrose and a major regional producer of starch, high fructose corn syrup and glucose. In 2008, Corn Products International reported record net ... http://news.moneycentral.msn.com/provider/providerarticle.as...

Germany's Henkel says 1Q profit slides 46 pct

ForbesHad it not been for the contributions from National Starch, organic adhesive sales for the first quarter would have been 18 percent lower than the year-ago quarter. The division's contribution to operating profit fell 69 percent to euro47 million. ... http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2009/05/06/ap6387908.html

Henkel Affected by Economic Downturn

MSN MoneyCentralThe rise is attributable to Henkel's acquisition of the National Starch businesses in April 2008 . In organic terms, or adjusted for foreign exchange and acquisitions/divestments, sales decreased by 7.0 percent within a difficult overall market ... http://news.moneycentral.msn.com/category/topicarticle.aspx?...

UPI NewsTrack Health and Science News

United Press InternationalEDMONTON, Alberta, May 8 (UPI) -- Methane from cattle can be reduced by as much as 25 percent by balancing starch, cellulose, fat and other elements of feed, scientists in Canada said. Cattle account for 72 percent of Canada's methane, a powerful ... http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2009/05/08/UPI-NewsTrack-Hea...

German Stocks Rise on U.S. Job Data; Metro, BMW, Henkel Climb

BloombergHenkel advanced 5.4 percent to 22.38 euros as the maker of Loctite glues and Persil detergent forecast a “slight improvement” in the adhesives unit for the second quarter, bolstered by the National Starch business. To contact the reporter on ... http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601100&sid=aDV7icXY...

Search results for Starch

Starch definition | Dictionary.com

Copy & paste this link to your blog or website to reference this pagehttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Starch

starch - definition of starch in the Medical dictionary - by the Free ...

starch (stahrch) 1. any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula, (C6H10O5) n; it is the chief storage form of carbohydrates in plants.http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/starch

starch - Definition of starch at YourDictionary.com

noun. a white, tasteless, odorless food substance found in potatoes, rice, corn, wheat, cassava, and many other vegetable foods: it is a granular solid, chemically a complex ... http://www.yourdictionary.com/starch

Starch - Iodine

Starch: Plants store glucose as the polysaccharide starch. The cereal grains (wheat, rice, corn, oats, barley) as well as tubers such as potatoes are rich ... http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/548starchiodine.html

Starch - LoveToKnow 1911

STARCH, an organized product of the vegetable kingdom, forming one of the most important and characteristic elements of plant life. It originates within the living vegetable cell ... http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Starch

Wikipedia results for Starch

Starch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Starch or amylum (CAS 9005-25-8, chemical formula (C 6 H 10 O 5) n) is a polysaccharide carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch

Modified starch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Modified starch is a food additive which is prepared by treating starch or starch granules, causing the starch to be partially degraded. Modified starch is used as a thickening ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_starch

Starch synthase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In enzymology, a starch synthase (EC 2.4.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + 1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch_synthase

Starch gelatinization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Starch gelatinization is a process that breaks down the intermolecular bonds of starch molecules in the presence of water and heat, allowing the hydrogen bonding sites (the ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch_gelatinization

Resistant starch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Resistant starch (RS) is starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine of healthy individuals. [1] Resistant starch is considered the third type of dietary fiber, as it can ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistant_starch
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Videos found for Starch

Cool Corn Starch on Speaker Experim...

Cool Corn Starch on Speaker ExperimentCorn starch doesn't quite follow the normal rules of Newtonian physics; if you disturb it with lots of little movements, like those of a speaker at a certain frequency, it makes...MPEG 4 - Video

Green Business Features: Starch Pac...

Green Business Features: Starch Packing Peanutshttp://www.cleanairgardening.com/ We do a lot of packing and shipping boxes all over the country here at Clean Air Gardening. That's why we've chosen starch packing peanuts...Flash - Video

Clabber Girl Corn Starch

Clabber Girl Corn StarchClabber Girl Corn Starch in very practical 12 oz cannister, Grocery, Food & BeverageFlash - Video

Corn Starch & water

Corn Starch & watermix the corn starch & water and see the magic.Flash - Video

Green Business Features: Starch Pac...

Green Business Features: Starch Packing Peanutshttp://www.cleanairgardening.com/ We do a lot of packing and shipping boxes all over the country here at Clean Air Gardening. That's why we've chosen starch packing peanuts...Flash - Video

Answers for Starch

KnottedBrainIs there starch in the leaves of photosynthetic plants?KnottedBrainyes, a plant transports the starch it creates into the root system Leaves are nature's food factories. Plants take water from the ground through their roots. They take a gas called carbon dioxide fro...Max BHow to starch the Sikh turban at home?Max Bmix the starch real heavy, let it soak for a while, dry it, then iron it,CalypsoHow do you starch a ruffle edged crochet doily please?CalypsoNo, you really can't use spray starch. These need liquid starch and the ruffles need to be shaped over something acting as a form (crumpled aluminum foil works) to hold them in place while the starch...busymomWhat kind of starch is used to make fabric wall clings?busymomAny liquid starch, at any store that sells detergent products.My cat Jake owns meBesides starch, what is the easiest way to iron shirts?My cat Jake owns meI just use water in a spray bottle. Be sure and use distilled water so your iron won't get clogged. If I want more stiffness to the clothes, I put a little cornstarch in the water and shake it well to...
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