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In biology, a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and some protozoans. A chief difference between spores and seeds as dispersal units is that spores have very little stored food resources compared with seeds.

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Wikipedia about spores

In biology, a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and some protozoans. A chief difference between spores and seeds as dispersal units is that spores have very little stored food resources compared with seeds.

Spores are usually haploid and unicellular and are produced by meiosis in the sporophyte. Once conditions are favorable, the spore can develop into a new organism using mitotic division, producing a multicellular gametophyte, which eventually goes on to produce gametes.

Two gametes fuse to create a new sporophyte. This cycle is known as alternation of generations, but a better term is "biological life cycle", as there may be more than one phase and so it cannot be a direct alternation. Haploid spores produced by mitosis (known as mitospores) are used by many fungi for asexual reproduction.

Sporic%20meiosis.png

Spores are the units of asexual reproduction, because a single spore develops into a new organism. By contrast, gametes are the units of sexual reproduction, as two gametes need to fuse to create a new organism.

The term spore may also refer to the dormant stage of some bacteria or archaea; however these are more correctly known as endospores and are not truly spores in the sense discussed in this article. The term can also be loosely applied to some animal resting stages. Fungi that produce spores are known as sporogenous, and those that do not are asporogenous.

The term derives from the ancient Greek word σπορα ("spora"), meaning a seed.

Classification

Spores can be classified in several ways:

By spore-producing structure

In fungi and fungus-like organisms, spores are often classified by the structure in which meiosis and spore production occurs. Since fungi are often classified according to their spore-producing structures, these spores are often characteristic of a particular taxon of the fungi.

Fern%20spores%20P1180804.jpg

  • Sporangiospores: spores produced by a sporangium in many fungi such as zygomycetes.
  • Zygospores: spores produced by a zygosporangium, characteristic of zygomycetes.
  • Ascospores: spores produced by an ascus, characteristic of ascomycetes.
  • Basidiospores: spores produced by a basidium, characteristic of basidiomycetes.
  • Aeciospores: spores produced by a aecium in some fungi such as rusts or smuts.
  • Urediospores: spores produced by a uredinium in some fungi such as rusts or smuts.
  • Teliospores: spores produced by a telium in some fungi such as rusts or smuts.
  • Oospores: spores produced by a oogonium, characteristic of oomycetes.
  • Carpospores: spores produced by a carposporophyte, characteristic of red algae.
  • Tetraspores: spores produced by a tetrasporophyte, characteristic of red algae.

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Glossary of Mycological Terms (MushroomExpert.Com)

Gills are covered with microscopic basidia, which hold the mushroom's spores. ... Determining the color reaction of spores to Melzer's reagent is also sometimes ...www.mushroomexpert.com/glossary.html

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spore: Definition, Synonyms from Answers.com

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News about Spores

Beetles grow weed killer

Science NewsFemale beetles protect food for their offspring with a bacterial compound new to sciencehttp://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/37160/title/Beetl...

Postal workers might deliver meds in next anthrax attack

USA TodayFederal health officials are planning to use mail carriers as a "quick strike force" to deliver antibiotics house-to-house should there be an anthrax attack, officials said Wednesday.http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2008-10-01-anthrax-p...

Mail may be best way for anthrax treatment

UPI WASHINGTON, Oct. 2 (UPI) -- U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Mike Leavitt said he sees the mail as a quick way to deliver antibiotics in case of an anthrax attack.http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2008/10/02/Mail_may_be_best_way_...

Cross kingdom conflicts on a beetle's back

EurekAlert!There's far more to a pine beetle's back than a hard black shell. Researchers have found that these tiny creatures -- responsible for rampant and widespread forest destruction -- carry on their backs battling species of fungi, plus a powerful antibiotic molecule that can destroy pathogenic fungi -- something that no current medications have achieved.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/hms-ckc092908...

Mail carriers to bring drugs in anthrax attack

Reuters via Yahoo! News Government mail carriers would deliver emergency supplies of antibiotics to people in U.S. cities in the case of an anthrax attack, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services officials said on Wednesday.http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20081001/us_nm/us_anthrax_usa_4

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ChartBlog Goes To Switch Live Part 2

bbcOK, so now the concert itself has got underway, and the stars are beginning to emerge from their dressing rooms and comingle. This is the witching hour, the time at which unique gossip spores are released into the atmosphere, to be picked up by ... http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/chartblog/2008/10/chartblog_goes_...

New fungi species unearthed in UK

BBC UK NewsExperts say it is likely these new discoveries have always been at the Nottinghamshire park, but that they flourished in the extremely wet August. Mushroom spores can also travel great distances on the air and in water. One of the new species to be ... http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7660405.stm

Quality air filters, sealed ducts will keep mold at bay

ScrippsNewsPreviously, the air exchanges would purge the breathable air of any number of unhealthy chemicals, hydrocarbons, pet dander, volatile organic compounds and mold spores that are commonly found in homes, offices and especially manufacturing buildings. ... http://www.scrippsnews.com/node/36921

Biotechs Race for New Vaccine

Washington PostWhen anthrax spores enter the blood stream, they release three substances: protective antigen, lethal factor and edema factor. Protective antigen binds with the two factors to release two fatal toxins. BioThrax mainly contains protective antigen ... http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10...

Pegasus Completes First Phase Testing of Non-Toxic,

MSN MoneyCentralDrywall with a concentration of 1,000,000 spores per square inch was incubated for 30 days in a high humidity chamber at 28-30°C, and were examined weekly for visible effects of mold growth. The drywall painted with mold and mildew resistant ... http://news.moneycentral.msn.com/provider/providerarticle.as...

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SPORES - Current SPORE Programs

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Endospore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Inhalation, ingestion or skin contamination of these endospores, which were technically incorrectly labelled as "spores", led to a number of deaths.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endospore

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Premier provider of microscopic exotic mushroom spore samples and rare botanicals. ... Welcome to Lil' Shop of Spores! We offer premium exotic mushroom spores, rare seeds and ... http://www.lilshopofspores.com/
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Answers for Spores

GearedUpYo

How do you collect cubensis mushroom spores?

GearedUpYoOK here is your answer First of wait till the mushroom Caps have opened mostly then pick the mushroom from base of the stem as usuall then with a sterile knife cut cap off stem you only want the c...
mlbeachluvr

why does my maple tree have red spores on its leaves?

mlbeachluvr"Nothing! Enjoy the mosaic that the eriophyid mites have created on your silver maple. They cause no harm, and there is no effective spray for them."
Gina G

What is the difference between gametes and spores?

Gina G"Spores are the units of asexual reproduction, because a single spore develops into a new organism. By contrast, gametes are the units of sexual reproduction, as two gametes need to fuse to create a n...
Brad

Can having indoor plants expose you to mould spores?

BradYeah, but probably not more than anything else. You are probably never going to get rid of mold spores and house plants shouldn't make a noticeable difference.
buckeyebrowser

Does sea salt contain spores of microorganisms that can be reactivated in a fresh water solution?

buckeyebrowserYes, there's a chance that any sea water that would be collected from the ocean would contain microorganisms, but what would happen to them would depend on each type of organisms and what survival mec...

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