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In human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the humerus attaches to the scapula. The shoulder refers to the group of structures in the region of the joint.

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Wikipedia about shoulder

In human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the humerus attaches to the scapula. The shoulder refers to the group of structures in the region of the joint.

It is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. The shoulder must be flexible for the wide range of motion required in the arms and hands and also strong enough to allow for actions such as lifting, pushing and pulling. The compromise between these two functions results in a large number of shoulder problems not faced by other joints such as the hip.

Joints of the shoulder

There are three joints of the shoulder: The glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, and the sternoclavicular joints.

Glenohumeral joint

The glenohumeral joint is the main joint of the shoulder and the generic term "shoulder joint" usually refers to it. It is a ball and socket joint that allows the arm to rotate in a circular fashion or to hinge out and up away from the body. It is formed by the articulation between the head of the humerus and the lateral scapula. The "ball" of the joint is the rounded, medial anterior surface of the humerus and the "socket" is formed by the glenoid fossa, the dish-shaped portion of the lateral scapula. The shallowness of the fossa and relatively loose connections between the shoulder and the rest of the body allows the arm to have tremendous mobility, at the expense of being much easier to dislocate than most other joints in the body.

The capsule is a soft tissue envelope that encircles the glenohumeral joint and attaches to the scapula, humerus, and head of the biceps. It is lined by a thin, smooth synovial membrane. This capsule is strengthened by the coracohumeral ligament which attaches the coracoid process of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus. There are also three other ligaments attaching the lesser tubercle of the humerus to lateral scapula and are collectively called the glenohumeral ligaments.

There is also a ligament called semicirculare humeri which is a transversal band between the posterior sides of the tuberculum minus and majus of the humerus. This band is one of the most important strengthening ligaments of the joint capsule.

Acromioclavicular joint

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is located between the acromion process of the scapula (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the distal end of the clavicle.

Search results for Shoulder

Shoulder (road) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A hard shoulder also allows some extra flexibility should a motorist need to ... The shoulder is usually slightly narrower than a full traffic lane. ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_(road)

How to Fix a Dislocated Shoulder - wikiHow

wikiHow article about How to Fix a Dislocated Shoulder. ... Sport injuries and vehicle accidents are prime causes of shoulder dislocations. ...www.wikihow.com/Fix-a-Dislocated-Shoulder

Shoulder Problems and Injuries-Topic Overview

Minor shoulder problems, such as sore muscles and aches and pains, are common. ... Your shoulder joints move every time you move your arms. ...www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/shoulder-problems-and-injuries-t...

Anatomy of the Shoulder - The Southern California Orthopedic Institute

... surgery, sports medicine, knee and shoulder surgery, joint replacement, MRI, and ... scapula extends up and around the shoulder joint at the rear to form a ...www.scoi.com/sholanat.htm

Shoulder Surgeon .com

Patient information on conditions that cause shoulder pain. ... arthritis and shoulder replacement surgery. arthroscopic shoulder surgery ...www.shouldersurgeon.com/

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News about Shoulder

Kapler tears shoulder muscle, season in jeopardy

Fox SportsBrewers right fielder Gabe Kapler has a torn muscle in his right shoulder and could miss the rest of the season. Kapler will stay in Milwaukee and undergo physical therapy with the team in an effort to determine whether he can return this year. The team said Thursday that Kapler is hopeful he can return this year, but gave no timetable for his recovery. He left Wednesday's game after making a ...http://msn.foxsports.com/mlb/story/8552586/Kapler-tears-shou...

49ers QB Smith's season ends with shoulder injury

AP via Yahoo! News Alex Smith's season is over with another shoulder injury. The high-priced quarterback's short career with the San Francisco 49ers is probably finished as well.http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080911/ap_on_sp_fo_ne/fbn49ers_...

Brewers OF Kapler has shoulder tear

The Sports NetworkBrewers OF Kapler has shoulder tearhttp://www.sportsnetwork.com/merge/tsnform.aspx?c=sportsnetw...

Brewers OF Kapler has shoulder tear

Lexington Herald-LeaderAn MRI revealed on Thursday that Milwaukee Brewers outfielder Gabe Kapler has a torn latissimus dorsi muscle in his right shoulder. He suffered the injury during the sixth inning of Wednesday's 4-3 victory over Cincinnati while making a throw to home plate. Kapler will remain in Milwaukee and undergo physical therapy. The team will monitor his progress to determine whether he can return in ....http://www.kentucky.com/557/story/520888.html

Brewers' Gabe Kapler tears shoulder muscle

The Post-StandardMILWAUKEE (AP) — Brewers right fielder Gabe Kapler has a torn muscle in his right shoulder and could miss the rest of the season. Kapler will stay in Milwaukee and undergo physical therapy with the team in an effort to determine whether he can return this year.http://www.syracuse.com/sportsflash/index.ssf?/base/sports-2...

News about Shoulder

No sweat for Murray

Western TelegraphThe world number four already looked well on the way to victory, leading 6-0 2-1, when Bolelli decided to call it a day after struggling with what appeared to be a shoulder problem. Playing competitively for the first time since last month's Davis Cup ... http://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/uk_national_sport/3757145....

Division series next for Bears; Vikings up first

Chicago Sun-TimesTillman's left arm remained in a sling Monday to protect his shoulder, and his right shoulder still isn't 100 percent after he banged it up two weeks ago against Philadelphia. ''Charles Tillman's a tough guy,'' Smith said. ''It'd be pretty hard to ... http://www.suntimes.com/sports/football/bears/1219223,CST-SP...

Kelleher, Ormsby and Keil cited in Heineken openers

International Herald TribuneAll three will appear before an independent disciplinary committee in Dublin on Thursday. Sale centre Lee Thomas has been ruled out for three months after suffering a severe dislocation of his shoulder in the bonus point victory, the English side said ... http://www.iht.com/articles/reuters/2008/10/14/sports/OUKSP-...

Andy Murray gains 3rd round in Madrid

CBS SportslineMADRID, Spain (AP) -U.S. Open finalist Andy Murray reached the third round of the Madrid Masters when Italy's Simone Bolelli quit with an apparent shoulder injury Tuesday while trailing 6-0, 2-1. Gilles Simon rallied past James Blake 3-6, 6-1, 6-4 to ... http://www.sportsline.com/tennis/story/11033274

Is EA's 'Dead Space' the best game of the year?

CNET NewsThe controls are easily the best implementation of the third-person over-the-shoulder view we've ever experienced. Poor controls pull you out of the game experience faster than anything else, and it's the ultimate compliment to say that Dead Space's ... http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-10065420-1.html

Search results for Shoulder

Labral Tear - Torn Shoulder Labrum

A labral tear is an injury to the shoulder joint. There are several patterns of a torn labrum and the type of treatment depends on the specific injury. Most labral tears do not ... http://orthopedics.about.com/od/shoulderelbow/a/labrum.htm

Shoulder Separation - AC Joint Injury - Separated Shoulder

A shoulder separation is an injury to the acromioclavicular joint, also called an AC injury. A separated shoulder may be treated with a sling in most cases. Shoulder separations ... http://orthopedics.about.com/cs/shouldersurgery/a/separation...

Shoulder (road) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A hard shoulder, or simply shoulder, is a reserved area by the verge of a road or motorway. Generally it is kept clear of all traffic. In the event of an emergency or breakdown, a ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_%28road%29

Shoulder To Shoulder, Inc. - Bridging The Gap!

About Us ; Bridging The Gap; Street Feed; Volunteer; F.A.Q. Donations; Board of Directors; Contact Us; Home; Purpose Statement. Shoulder To Shoulder, Inc. is organized exclusively ... http://www.shouldertoshoulderinc.org/

Shoulder to Shoulder | Raising Teens Together

This is the place to share stories and discuss issues about raising teens. Please tell us your issues and stories, including some of the good times you have had with your teen.http://www.shouldertoshoulderminnesota.org/
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Cold Shoulder

Cold ShoulderThe news isn't terribly hard-hitting, but the newsman sure is.Flash - Video

Young Dro: Shoulder Lean

Young Dro: Shoulder LeanThe Dirty South emcee kicks it in & around his Atlanta home front with fellow Grand Hustle comrade T.I.Flash - Video

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Futurama - S02E10 - Put Your Head on My Shoulder.aviFuturama - S02E10 - Put Your Head on My Shoulder.aviFlash - Video

Waist? Shoulder?

Waist? Shoulder?Lois walks out on the family, for the most part, they are indifferent. Watch more Family Guy on Adult Swim.Windows Media - Video

Jorge Posada To Shut Season Down, H...

Jorge Posada To Shut Season Down, Have Surgery On Right ShoulderPosada has struggled with shoulder pain for most of the seasonFlash - Video

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Answers for Shoulder

goodzyearz

How severe is the shoulder pain involved with an ectopic pregnancy?

goodzyearzI am very disturbed by this question. I'm not sure how bad the pain would be...but it doesn't always happen with ectopic pregnancies. The shoulder pain that occurs during an ectopic pregnancy is an om...
Vince R

What is the average cat shoulder height?

Vince RAverage cats range from 8-15 inches at shoulder height. It all depends on the sex, diet and environment the cat has been living in.
mianatw

How long should I leave a heating pad on a sore shoulder/tendonitis?

mianatwI would say 15-20 minutes and then alternate with ice for the inflammation for 15-20 minutes.
rgangel27

What would be better for moving Shoulder straps or forearm straps?

rgangel27Try to talk to some professional delivery people to get the best answer. Two men moved in my new refrigerator and never touched the ground., stairs and all. You have to learn how to use them to ...
Dan

Will shoulder surgery jeopordize commisioning as a Marine Corps Officer?

DanIf you have a history of recurrent separation of that shoulder it is disqualifying, whether you have the surgery or not. Assuming the surgery was done to correct a single episode of separation of the ...

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