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Wikipedia about seawater

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Salinity

main: Salinity

Although the vast majority of seawater has a salinity of between 3.1% and 3.8%, seawater is not uniformly saline throughout the world. Where mixing occurs with fresh water runoff from river mouths or near melting glaciers, seawater can be substantially less saline. The most saline open sea is the Red Sea, where high rates of evaporation, low precipitation and river inflow, and confined circulation result in the formation of unusually salty seawater. The salinity in isolated bodies of water (for example, the Dead Sea) can be considerably greater.

The density of surface seawater ranges from about 1020 to 1029 kg·m-3, depending on the temperature and salinity. Deep in the ocean, under high pressure, seawater can reach a density of 1050 kg·m-3 or higher. Seawater pH is limited to the range 7.5 to 8.4. The speed of sound in seawater is about 1500 m·s-1, and varies with water temperature and pressure.

Compositional differences from fresh water

Seawater is more enriched in dissolved ions of all types than fresh water.http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Mi-Oc/Ocean-Chemical-Processes.html Thomson Gale, "Ocean Chemical Processes". Retrieved 12/2/06. However, the ratios of various solutes differ dramatically. For instance, although seawater is about 2.8 times more enriched with bicarbonate than river water based on molarity, the percentage of bicarbonate in seawater as a ratio of all dissolved ions is far lower than in river water; bicarbonate ions constitute 48% of river water solutes, but only 0.41% of all seawater ions.Paul R. Pinet, Invitation to Oceanography, (St. Paul: West Publishing Company, 1996), pp. 126, 134-135 Differences like these are due to the varying residence times of seawater solutes; sodium and chlorine have very long residence times, while calcium (vital for carbonate formation) tends to precipitate out much more quickly.

Geochemical explanations

Scientific theories behind the origins of sea salt started with Sir Edmond Halley in 1715, who proposed that salt and other minerals were carried into the sea by rivers, having been leached out of the ground by rainfall runoff. Upon reaching the ocean, these salts would be retained and concentrated as the process of evaporation (see Hydrologic cycle) removed the water. Halley noted that of the small number of lakes in the world without ocean outlets (such as the Dead Sea and the Caspian Sea, see endorheic basin), most have high salt content. Halley termed this process "continental weathering".

Search results for Seawater

Mysterious Seawater

... methods to regenerate the body's internal environment using a brilliant solution - seawater. ... Seawater is a live substance that was thoroughly ...www.oceanplasma.org/documents/mysterious.html

Copper.org: Copper Nickel: Sea Water System Design

Marine Applications: Copper Nickel: Sea Water System Design ... Use clean, unpolluted seawater or fresh water for hydrotesting. ...www.copper.org/applications/cuni/txt_sea_water_system_design...

Copper.org: Applications: Seawater

The following technical papers are by leading authors and provide detailed information about Copper-Nickels and other copper alloyswww.copper.org/applications/marine/homepage.html

The Seawater Foundation

... technologies that use raw seawater for irrigating halophyte and aquaculture ... Seawater Farms Bahia Kino ... Seawater–irrigated agriculture along the ...www.seawaterfoundation.org/seawater.htm

Optimizing the Efficiency of Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination

Way to achieve efficient reverse osmosis seawater desalination withoput energy recovery or pressure exchange. ... Seawater desalination requires minimal energy ...urila.tripod.com/Seawater.htm

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News about Seawater

Climate change: Debating solutions

CNNFish tanks, financial markets and the future of the world's climate came together at the third Principal Voices debate of 2008 in Chicago.http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/americas/10/01/climate.change/...

Deep seawater helps aquaculture industry grow

BizJournalsMention the state’s energy park in Kona on the Big Island and a dozen seawater-to-drinking-water manufacturers usually come to mind.http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/2008/09/29/focus1...

'Mars dust resembles seawater'

News 24 South AfricaNasa extended the mission of the busy Phoenix lander, saying it will operate until it dies in the cold, dark Martian winter.http://www.news24.com/News24/Technology/News/0,,2-13-1443_24...

Mars dust resembles seawater, NASA extends mission

Reuters via Yahoo! News NASA extended the mission of the busy Phoenix lander on Monday, saying it will operate until it dies in the cold, dark Martian winter.http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20080929/sc_nm/us_mars_phoenix_1

Acidic oceans boost distance sound travels

UPI MOSS LANDING, Calif., Oct. 2 (UPI) -- A U.S. study suggests the world's increasing ocean acidity is resulting in an increase in the distance sound travels underwater.http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2008/10/02/Acidic_oceans_boo...

News about Seawater

Colorful bacteria could spot oil spills: scientist

ReutersBecause bacteria have simple single-celled bodies it is relatively easy to equip them with a sensor and a brightly colored 'reporter protein' which shows up under a microscope, alerting us to different substances leaking into the soil or seawater ... http://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSLA22182520080...

How Did Life on Earth Get Started?

US News and World ReportSuch vents, where molten rock from inside the Earth's mantle heats seawater to as much as 660 degrees Fahrenheit, could have provided the energy and basic organic molecules needed to spark life.http://www.usnews.com/articles/science/2008/07/24/how-did-li...

The BMW Oracle Racing 90 trimaran is a lot of yacht

Seattle TimesThis boat wasn't built to spend a lifetime plodding through seawater. She was meant to fly. Not literally, in a Spruce Goose sort of way. Although in early testing, even in light winds, the behemoth BMW Oracle Racing yacht — which, depending on a ... http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2008169818_o...

EPA Agrees To Improve Beach Tests

Tampa Bay OnlineEPA also will have to deliver results of seawater tests the same day they are done. "The new studies will have to look at the whole range of how people get sick, which will lead to stricter and more protective criteria," Aaron Colangelo, a senior ... http://www2.tbo.com/content/2008/sep/11/na-epa-agrees-to-imp...

Conserving the Precious

Zawya.comThis last point, found nowhere else in the world, is thought to have developed as a result of natural oil seeps into the seawater. Fragile Ecosystemshttp://www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZAWYA20080831092005/Conser...

Search results for Seawater

SeaWater Express Inc. - Live Marine Feeder Shrimp

Welcome to SeaWater Express We cultivate Penaeus Vannamei (known as the white shrimp) and several other species of marine specimens and macroalgae.http://seawaterexpress.com

The Seawater Foundation

Dedicated to greening the desert coastlines of the world to generate wealth in poverty stricken areas, eliminate famine, and improve the global environment with sound technologies ... http://www.seawaterfoundation.org/

Seawater Greenhouse - Home Page

Introduction. The Seawater Greenhouse is a unique concept which combines natural processes, simple construction techniques and mathematical computer modelling to provide a ... http://www.seawatergreenhouse.co.uk/

Steamers Pure Nova Scotia Seawater

Welcome to Steamers web site! Steamers Seawater.Pure bottled seawater from the depth of 100 feet below sea level,off the shores of Nova Scotia in the North ... http://steamersseawater.com

seawater - Definitions from Dictionary.com

noun . the salt water in or from the sea. http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=seawater
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[Music Video]When Seawater Turns Sw...

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Seawater Aquarium Wilhelmshaven, Ge...

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Oil spill - new technology cleanup ...

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Ocean Ethanol - CO2 to Fuels - Etha...

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Perspectives on Ocean Science: Surv...

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Answers for Seawater

ghschik04782

Blood of fish is hypotonic to seawater and hypertonic to fresh water. What are the problems?

ghschik04782When the striped bass goes in to seawater, osmosis causes the cells of its body to lose water and shrivel up. The opposite is true when making the other transition. The cells swell up and may burst. ...
curiousgeorge

What is the simple way to determine salinity of the seawater in lab?

curiousgeorgePure water is not a good conductor of electricity. Salt water is an excellent conductor, one of the best in fact. So a test of the current that passes through a tank of sample water will be a good i...
jillybeans34

How do I make a solution with the characteristics of seawater from tap water and salt?

jillybeans34convert liters to kg then calculate what the ppt would be you have 10,000 grams of water so you need (10 * 34.7) that's 10kg of water i think so that would be 34.7 grams per kilo, so that's 34...
EZ

What happens when oil is pumped out of the mideast. Does seawater fill in or will the mideast sink?

EZOil wells are typically much deeper than groundwater, so I would not expect most wells to fill with groundwater (and the original oil would float if they were in contact). If the oil field was in d...
elmaschingon16

How does seawater illustrate the two characterisitics that define mixtures?

elmaschingon16A mixture is a substance made of two molecules/elements, not chemically bonded together. Seawater, when left, evaporates off the water - leaving salt. Therefore water and salt are not chemically bonde...

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