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The pupil is the hole that is located in the center of the iris of the eye and that controls the amount of light that enters the eye.Cassin, B. and Solomon, S. Dictionary of Eye Terminology. Gainsville, Florida: Triad Publishing Company, 1990. It appears black because most of the light entering the pupil is absorbed by the tissues inside the eye. In optical terms, the anatomical pupil is the eye's aperture and the iris is the aperture stop. The image of the pupil as seen from outside the eye is the entrance pupil, which does not exactly correspond to the location and size of the physical pupil because it is magnified by the cornea. On the inner edge lies a prominent structure, the collarette, marking the junction of the embryonic pupillary membrane covering the embryonic pupil.

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Wikipedia About Pupil

030608%20Pupil.jpg

The pupil is the hole that is located in the center of the iris of the eye and that controls the amount of light that enters the eye.Cassin, B. and Solomon, S. Dictionary of Eye Terminology. Gainsville, Florida: Triad Publishing Company, 1990. It appears black because most of the light entering the pupil is absorbed by the tissues inside the eye. In optical terms, the anatomical pupil is the eye's aperture and the iris is the aperture stop. The image of the pupil as seen from outside the eye is the entrance pupil, which does not exactly correspond to the location and size of the physical pupil because it is magnified by the cornea. On the inner edge lies a prominent structure, the collarette, marking the junction of the embryonic pupillary membrane covering the embryonic pupil.

Comparative anatomy

In humans and many animals (but few fish), the size of the pupil is controlled by involuntary constriction and dilation of the iris in order to regulate the intensity of light entering the eye. This is known as the pupillary reflex. In normal room light, a healthy human pupil has a diameter of about 3–4 millimeters, in bright light, the pupil has a diameter of about 1.5 millimeters, and in dim light the diameter is enlarged to about 8 millimeters. The narrowing of the pupil results in a greater focal range. (see aperture for a more detailed explanation)

The shape of the pupil varies between species. Common shapes are circular or slit-shaped, although more convoluted shapes can be found in aquatic species. The reasons for the variation in shapes are complex; the shape is closely related to the optical characteristics of the lens, the shape and sensitivity of the retina, and the visual requirements of the species.

Slit-shaped pupils are found in species which are active in a wide range of light levels. In strong light, the pupil constricts and is small, but still allows light to be cast over a large part of the retina.

The orientation of the slit may be related to the direction of motions the eye is required to notice most sensitively (so a vertical pupil would increase the sensitivity of the eyes of a small cat to the horizontal scurrying of mice). The narrower the pupil, the more accurate the depth perception of peripheral vision is, so narrowing it in one direction would increase depth perception in that plane. Animals like goats and sheep may have evolved horizontal pupils because better vision in the vertical plane may be beneficial in mountainous environments.

Many snakes, such as boas, pythons and vipers, have vertical, slit-shaped pupils that help them to hunt prey under a wide range of light conditions. Small cats and foxes also have slit shaped pupils while lions and wolves have round pupils even though they are in the same respective families. Some hypothesize that this is because slit pupils are more beneficial for animals that hunt small prey rather than large prey.

Search results for Pupil

pupil - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

Definition of pupil from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games.www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pupil

pupil - Definitions from Dictionary.com

Definitions of pupil at Dictionary.com. ... 16 results for: pupil. Browse Nearby Entries ... Pupil, disciple, scholar, student refer to a person who is ...dictionary.reference.com/browse/pupil

Pupil Transportation

The Pupil Transportation department provides distribution of state transportation aid and technical assistance in the areas of school bus equipment and operation ...www.opi.mt.gov/PupilTransport/index.html

Pupil Reflexes

Among multiply PR, the most important is pupil reaction on light - direct and associated. Constriction of an illuminating pupil is called direct reaction. ...cnri.edu/coursedemo/Pupils_and_Pupillary_Symptoms/Pupil_Refl...

Collaborative Pupil Services Initiatives

Written by ... Collaborative Pupil Services. Community Learning Centers. Coordinated School ... Wisconsin Alliance of Pupil Services Organizations (WAPSO) is ...www.dpi.state.wi.us/sspw/pstrainings.html

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News about Pupil

Search for girl in river

The New Straits TimesIPOH: The search for a 12-year-old girl who fell into Sungei Perak on Tuesday has been extended to cover a 2km radius from the spot she fell. The officer-in-charge of Parit Fire and Rescue Department Amir Ahmad said 20 divers were looking for Year Six pupil Wong Xian Hong. She is believed to have fallen into the river sometime after 6pm while playing on a newly constructed bridge near her house .....http://www.nst.com.my/Friday/National/2365337/Article/index_...

Ex-teacher charged with rape of eighth-grade boy in new incident

The Buffalo NewsA former South Buffalo Charter School teacher who lost her job after authorities learned she had "an inappropriate relationship" with an eighth-grade pupil has been charged with rape, after being accused of meeting with him weeks after the original incident in mid-June.http://www.buffalonews.com/101/story/453267.html

Essay contest turns pupil's thoughts to freedom

The Ocala Star-BannerOCALA - When Mollie Rolin, 13, heard that the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States is hosting an essay contest for middle and high school students and awarding scholarships, she wanted to participate. "I am a proud American and am overjoyed to write the essay," Mollie said.http://www.ocala.com/article/20081002/news/810011957&tc=yaho...

Vietnamese girl wins international drawing contest

Vietnam NetVietNamNet Bridge - Nguyen Ngoc Yen Nhu, a pupil at the Vo Thi Sau primary school in Long An southern province, and another girl from Thailand, won the first prize for Asia at an International Children’s Drawing Contest on the theme of Gender Equality.http://english.vietnamnet.vn/lifestyle/2008/10/806728/

Teacher banned over sex-film trip

BBC NewsA teacher who filmed a 17-year-old pupil having sex in his room on a school trip, is banned from teaching.http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/rss/-/1/hi/england/shropshire/76472...

News about Pupil

Muslim pupil planned to blow up BNP members, court hears

Daily TelegraphTerrorist sympathiser Waris Ali is said to have angered teachers and fellow pupils with his radical views. And he even allegedly asked librarians and a policeman how much potentially lethal fertiliser he could keep at home before it was illegal under ... http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/lawandor...

Addressing concerns

Guardian UnlimitedHe advised a school on what to do when it found a pupil who had been attending for three years was living outside the catchment area. In the end, the school decided against taking the case to the high court and sent the father a letter expressing its ... http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2008/oct/14/schooladmiss...

14-year-old boy 'seduces' Sharon Edwards, 40, UK court finds

News.com.auThe boy, who cannot be named, was a pupil at the same school her two sons attend when the relationship began. They stayed in contact through text messages and emails and on one occasion Edwards took him to her sister's empty home for a night of sex. ... http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24494848-663,...

Shriners and USI help doctors and patients connect

Evansville Courier-PressReutter and two other Evansville residents who have been treated at Shrine hospitals — Xiaoli Magary, a 10-year-old Cynthia Heights Elementary School pupil; and Justin Batteiger, also 10, from Stringtown Elementary School — participated in a ... http://www.courierpress.com/news/2008/oct/14/shriners-usi-he...

It started with a classroom kiss...

The IndependentIn another school in a different part of the country, a male teacher shared "just one kiss" with a 17-year-old female pupil at an end-of-term party. The teacher was arrested, charged with engaging in sexual activity with a child while in a ... http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/i...

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Welcome at PuPiL

Welkom op de website van PuPiL. Een all-media reclame bureau.http://www.pupil.be/

pupil - definition of pupil by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus ...

pu·pil  1   (py p l) n. 1. A student under the direct supervision of a teacher or professor. 2. Law A minor under the supervision of a guardian. [Middle English pupille, orphan ... http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pupil

Pupil Pages - Online Solutions for Educators

Connect teachers, parents and schools with timesaving web-based tools from OS4E. ... Pupil Pages allows your child/student ... http://www.pupilpages.com/

pupil synonym | Thesaurus.com

Synonyms of pupil at Thesaurus.com. pupil definitions and translations. Crossword and puzzle games.http://thesaurus.reference.com/browse/pupil

Bohemian Pupil Press

The South Side Trilogy, John Hospodka, Bohemian Pupil Press, Chicago Literature ... John Hospodka’s work is passionate, strong and true.http://www.bohemianpupil.com/
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Pupil hurt in hammer attack

Pupil hurt in hammer attackPolice are questioning eight men after a schoolboy was beaten with a hammer in a playground attack.The 15-year-old, who is white, was set upon at the end of the school day by a...Flash - Video

Pupil - Disconnection Notice

Pupil - Disconnection Noticedirected by quark henares photographed by dix buhay edited and colored by jason tan produced by chang ignacio designed by marco ortiga art directed by gino nacianceno styled by...Flash - Video

Teen held over pupil's murder

Teen held over pupil's murder Police are continuing to question a 14-year-old boy on suspicion of murdering 11-year-old fellow pupil and cystic fibrosis sufferer Joe Geeling. The boy was hauled out of a...Flash - Video

School with one pupil

School with one pupilA school in a rural area of Lithuania remains open. despite having only one pupil.Flash - Video

Pupil

PupilPupil featuring DREXER SHIFT-DRIFTERVideo - Video

Answers for Pupil

VladHow Long Does It Take For Pupil Dilation End?VladGenerally, dilation of the pupil will last for three to six hours and will primarily affect your near or close up vision. However, it is not uncommon for dilation to last up to 24 hours for some pati...janeMy right pupil is not centered with the iris. How can I correct this?janeYeah, you should probably go to a doctor. It probably can be corrected if you go to the Optical in time. Good Luck [;angieIs it okay to put contact lenses directly on the pupil when putting it in?angieThis is how I put my contacts in also. I have never had any problems. Most people cannot touch their eyes. This why it is taught this way. Just make sure your hands are clean before putting in you...World of SufferingHow are contact lenses made so that they always stay right on your pupil?World of SufferingThe cornea is the clear dome in front of the coloured part of your eye (the iris). The cornea is steeper & more curved than the flatter white of the eye. The contact lens has a steepness to match yo...goddess831_2002My cat has one pupil that is bigger than the other and white stuff in the smaller eye.?goddess831_2002Vets. Its not possible to determine what this over the internet, Your cat needs it to be seen by a trained professional
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