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Postpartum depression (PPD), also called postnatal depression, is a form of clinical depression which can affect women, and less frequently men, after childbirth. Studies report prevalence rates among women from 5% to 25%, but methodological differences among the studies make the actual prevalence rate unclear.Agency for Health Care Research and Quality: Perinatal Depression: Prevalence, Screening Accuracy, and Screening Outcomes 1
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Postpartum Progress: Women's Health Matters Blog Covers Light Therapy
... is a nice post from the blog Women's Health Matters, written by Dr. Leigh ... Postpartum Progress is the most widely-read blog in the U.S. on depression and ...postpartumprogress.typepad.com/weblog/2007/08/womens-health-...Postpartum Progress: Help Mothers Everywhere: Join Blog Day for the ...
Her name is Katie Corcoran and she is suffering from postpartum psychosis. ... Melanie Blocker Stokes Postpartum Depression Act. MOTHER'S Act. Nutrition & Supplements ...postpartumprogress.typepad.com/weblog/2007/10/help-mothers-e...Postpartum depression | BlogHer
Depression and bi-polar disorder are genetic in my family. ... Blog Lists. Health & Wellness. Body Image. Conditions & Ailments. Fitness. Infertility ...www.blogher.com/postpartum-depressionThe part of postpartum depression that no one talks about | Penelope ...
In the past few years, postpartum depression has had a lot of press. ... Just One More Blog " Blog Archive " Dealing with Post-Partum Depression. All My Women ...blog.penelopetrunk.com/2008/02/13/the-part-of-postpartum-dep...Postpartum Depression — Blogs, Pictures, and more on WordPress
Men, how you can help the woman in your life with postpartum depression... My Journey and Recovery Through Postpartum Depression ...en.wordpress.com/tag/postpartum-depression/Postpartum depression (PPD), also called postnatal depression, is a form of clinical depression which can affect women, and less frequently men, after childbirth. Studies report prevalence rates among women from 5% to 25%, but methodological differences among the studies make the actual prevalence rate unclear.Agency for Health Care Research and Quality: Perinatal Depression: Prevalence, Screening Accuracy, and Screening Outcomes 1
Postpartum Exhaustion (PPE)
Relation to baby blues
Baby or maternity blues are a mild and transitory moodiness suffered by up to 80% of postnatal women (and in some cases fathers who also suffer from the baby blues and/or postpartum depression). Symptoms typically last from a few hours to several days, and include tearfulness, irritability, hypochondriasis, sleeplessness, impairment of concentration, isolation and headache. The maternity blues are not the same thing as postpartum depression, nor are they a precursor to postpartum depression or postnatal psychosis.
Symptoms
Symptoms of PPD can occur anytime in the first year postpartumThe Boston Women's Health Book Collective: Our Bodies Ourselves, pages 489–491, New York: Touchstone Book, 2005 and include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Sadness
- Hopelessness
- Low self-esteem
- Guilt
- Sleep and eating disturbances
- Inability to be comforted
- Exhaustion
- Emptiness
- Anhedonia
- Social withdrawal
- Low or no energy
- Becoming easily frustrated
- Feeling inadequate in taking care of the baby
- Impaired speech and writing
- Spells of anger towards others
- Increased anxiety or panic attacks
- Increased sex drive
One method of detecting Postnatal Depression (PND) is the use of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. If the new mother scores more than 13, she is likely to develop PND.
Risk factors
While not all causes of PPD are known, a number of factors have been identified as predictors of PPD (the effect size is given in parentheses, where larger values indicate larger effects):
- Formula feeding rather than breast feeding (2.04)
- A history of depression (1.87) (.38 to.39) Beck (2001)
- Cigarette smoking (1.58)
- Low self esteem (.45 to. 47) Beck (2001)
- Childcare stress (.45 to .46) Beck (2001)
- Prenatal depression during pregnancy (.44 to .46) Beck (2001)
- Prenatal anxiety (.41 to .45) Beck (2001)
- Life stress (.38 to .40) Beck (2001)
- Low social support (.36 to .41) Beck (2001)
- Poor marital relationship (.38 to .39) Beck (2001)
- Infant temperament problems/colic (.33 to .34) Beck (2001)
- Maternity blues (.25 to .31) Beck (2001)
- Single parent (.21 to .35) Beck (2001)
- Low socioeconomic status (.19 to .22) Beck (2001)
- Unplanned/unwanted pregnancy (.14 to .17) Beck (2001)
