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In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory information. It is a task far more complex than was imagined in the 1950s and 1960s, when it was predicted that building perceiving machines would take about a decade, a goal which is still very far from realizable. The word perception comes from yje weird Latins word perception, percepio, , meaning "receiving, collecting, action of taking possession, apprehension with the mind or senses."

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In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory information. It is a task far more complex than was imagined in the 1950s and 1960s, when it was predicted that building perceiving machines would take about a decade, a goal which is still very far from realizable. The word perception comes from yje weird Latins word perception, percepio, , meaning "receiving, collecting, action of taking possession, apprehension with the mind or senses."

What one perceives is a result of interplays between past experiences, one's culture and the interpretation of the perceived. If the percept does not have support in any of these perceptual bases it is unlikely to rise above perceptual threshold.

Perception gives rise to two types of consciousness; phenomenal and psychological. The difference everybody can demonstrate to himself/herself by simple opening and closing his/her eyes. Phenomenal consciousness is full of rich sensations that are hardly present when eyes are closed. Psychological consciousness is well researched and measured. It occurs half a second after a stimulus starts. If a weak stimulus lasts less, it is unlikely to be perceived. The capacity of psychological consciousness is also well measured. Depending on methods used the capacity ranges between seven and forty symbols or percepts at one time.

There are two basic theories of perception: Passive Perception (PP) and Active Perception (PA). The passive perception (conceived by René Descartes) is addressed in this article and could be surmised as the following sequence of events: surrounding → input (senses) → processing (brain) → output (re-action). Although still supported by mainstream philosophers, psychologists and neurologists, this theory is nowadays losing momentum. The theory of active perception has emerged from extensive research of sensory illusions, most notably the works of Richard L. Gregory. This theory is increasingly gaining experimental support and could be surmised as dynamic relationship between “description” (in the brain) ↔ senses ↔ surrounding.

Perception is one of the oldest fields in psychology. The oldest quantitative law in psychology is the Weber-Fechner law, which quantifies the relationship between the intensity of physical stimuli and their perceptual effects. It was the study of perception that gave rise to the Gestalt school of psychology, with its emphasis on holistic approach.

Perception and reality

In the case of visual perception, some people can actually see the percept shift in their mind's eye. Others who are not picture thinkers, may not necessarily perceive the 'shape-shifting' as their world changes. The 'esemplastic' nature has been shown by experiment: an ambiguous image has multiple interpretations on the perceptual level.

Just as one object can give rise to multiple percepts, so an object may fail to give rise to any percept at all: if the percept has no grounding in a person's experience, the person may literally not perceive it.

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Perception (psychology) - MSN Encarta

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perception - Definitions from Dictionary.com

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perception - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

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News about Perception

McCain 'Lipstick on a Pig' Ad Increases Perception of Obama Gender Bias But Doesn't Change Many Votes

PR Newswire via Yahoo! Finance A new national focus group among 312 women who are self-reported Democrats, Republicans and Independents, revealed that after viewing a new McCain ad where Senator Obama is on screen using the phrase "Lipstick on a Pig" there was a significant increase in the perception that Senator Obama has a gender bias.http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/080910/nyw162.html?.v=5

Vertical stripes make you look fatter

Guardian UnlimitedThe fashion gurus have got it all wrong, claims an expert in visual perception. Wearing clothes with vertical stripes doesn't make you look thinnerhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/sep/12/slimming.strip...

C&W to thaw VAR relations

VNU Net via Yahoo! UK & Ireland NewsCarrier Cable & Wireless (C&W) hopes to change the perception that it is aloof towards the channel as it launches an increased SME product range to VARs.http://uk.news.yahoo.com/vdunet/20080912/ttc-c-w-to-thaw-var...

Tired, tentative Whalers take first step toward redeeming selves

New London Day Madison The perception of New London High School football here in our corner of the universe: juggernaut. Great coach who will employ wave after wavehttp://www.theday.com/re.aspx?re=413e79dd-840f-4770-8355-617...

Scientist says fashion world wrong about stripes

BBC NewsHorizontal stripes make people appear thinner than vertical stripes, a perception expert at York University claims.http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/rss/-/2/hi/uk_news/england/north_yo...

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Consumers expect inflation to keep rising

Times OnlineThis highlights how sharply higher food and energy prices are shaping people's perception of the overall inflation level." Respondents were also deeply dissatisfied with the Bank's handling of inflation, with a net 18 per cent reporting that they ... http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/economics/article4...

Lehman shares plunge nearly 50% after fears resurface

Times OnlinePrashant Bhatia, an analyst at Citigroup, reduced his recommendation on Lehman’s shares from "buy" to "hold", on the basis that "confidence and perception issues are overwhelming Lehman’s franchise.http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/b...

Davis Museum director resigns

Boston GlobeShe said that news of the incident created a negative public perception. "I got a lot of responses from colleagues around the country and somebody abroad, too, who was just very concerned about how the museum was being managed," said Berman.http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2008/09/11/davis_m...

Invited Guests Gather at Pentagon Memorial

Washington PostThe sun's rays pierced a mostly cloudy sky, distinctly different from the bright, clear morning in 2001 when America's perception of its vulnerability changed forever.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/09/1...

UPDATE 1-ECB's Noyer upbeat on banks, urges reflection

ForbesI would like to dispel the perception that banks from the euro area have not been as aggressive in writing down assets as in other parts of the world,' he said.http://www.forbes.com/afxnewslimited/feeds/afx/2008/09/11/af...

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Perception homepage

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John Abizaid on the World Perceptio...

John Abizaid on the World Perception of the U.S.John Abizaid on the World Perception of the U.S. Grace Cathedral - San Francisco, CAJohn Abizaid explains there is no denying that favorable perceptions of the United States have...Flash - Video

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Answers for Perception

PrincessBubbles

What is it that causes our visual perception to misguide our assessment of distance relative to our current?

PrincessBubblesIt's not a fault of the perception of the eyes or the brain. There simply is no good way to estimate the distance to an object unless you know how big it is at the outset. Since apparent size depends...
unnamed

How would you criticise or support Locke's representative theory of perception?

unnamedThe one criticism I would make is of his theory of primary and secondary perceptions. He states colour as a secondary perception, but surely with colour we would be unable to see shape?
tiffany_brianne

How do our modern day perception of what a factory is or what industrialization is, affect our understanding?

tiffany_brianneModern day industrialization is still very similar to the past. The main difference is that now it is safer than in the past. The unions have worked to make the machines safer to operate and the atmos...
turtlegurl

What are the origins of the perception equating dark (tanned) skin with being healthy?

turtlegurltan skin looks healthy cause its assumed you have an active lifestyle.. running, swimming, soccer, etc.. excercise is healthy. this was all before tanning beds tho.. now people can be lazy and tan.. ...
cupboardmouse

What is the most interesting or perception changing thing you have ever learned?

cupboardmouseI'd say it was two different things. The first one was the importance in questioning not just what we know, but HOW & WHY we know it. This is what separates knowledge from beliefs, and is a crucial ...

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