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Wikipedia about Pencil

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History

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Discovery of graphite deposit

Some time before 1565 (some sources say as early as 1500), an enormous deposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to Grey Knotts from the hamlet of Seathwaite near Borrowdale parish, Cumbria, England. The locals found that it was very useful for marking sheep. This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and solid, and it could easily be sawn into sticks. This was and remains the only large scale deposit of graphite ever found in this solid form. Chemistry was in its infancy and the substance was thought to be a form of lead. Consequently, it was called plumbago (Latin for "lead ore"). The black core of pencils is still referred to as "lead," even though it never contained the element lead.

The value of graphite was soon realized to be enormous, mainly because it could be used to line the moulds for cannon balls, and the mines were taken over by the Crown and guarded. Graphite had to be smuggled out for use in pencils. Because graphite is soft, it requires some form of case. Graphite sticks were at first wrapped in string or in sheepskin for stability. The news of the usefulness of these early pencils spread far and wide, attracting the attentions of artists all over the "known world."

Although deposits of graphite had been found in other parts of the world, they were not of the same purity and quality as the Borrowdale find, and had to be crushed to remove the impurities, leaving only graphite powder.Fact: date=March 2008 England continued to enjoy a monopoly on the production of pencils until a method of reconstituting the graphite powder was found. The distinctively square English pencils continued to be made with sticks cut from natural graphite into the 1860s. Today, the town of Keswick, near the original findings of block graphite, has a pencil museum. The first attempt to manufacture graphite sticks from powdered graphite was in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1662. It used a mixture of graphite, sulphur, and antimony.

Pencil "lead" is graphite (carbon) and not the chemical element lead. Residual graphite from a pencil stick is not poisonous, and graphite is harmless if consumed.

Wood holders added

It was the Italians who first thought of wooden holders. An Italian couple in particular, named Simonio and Lyndiana Bernacotti, were believed to be the ones to create the first blueprints for the modern carpentry pencil for the purpose of marking their carpentry pieces; however, their version was instead a flat, oval, more compact type of pencil. They did this at first by hollowing out a stick of juniper wood. Shortly thereafter, a superior technique was discovered: two wooden halves were carved, a graphite stick inserted, and the two halves then glued togetheressentially the same method in use to this day.

Search results for Pencil

The Pencil Pages

Comprehensive online resource for pencil-related information.www.pencilpages.com/

PENCIL Foundation | Nashville Tennessee Public Schools Volunteer School ...

Welcome New PENCIL Partners! PENCIL Foundation • 421 Great Circle Road • Nashville, TN 37228 • 615.242.3167 ... © 2000-2008, PENCIL Foundation. All rights reserved. ...www.pencilfd.org/

PENCIL - Transforming Schools. Together.

Principal For A Day® (PFAD) is PENCIL's flagship recruitment event. Each fall PENCIL mobilizes hundreds of New York business leaders from all five ...www.pencil.org/index.asp?CID=2&PID=15

Pencil Racer - Life & Style Game from AddictingGames

Pencil Racer, a Life & Style Game from AddictingGames: Draw it, Play it, Save it, Share it Select awesome vehicles like ducks, tractors, tanks and pigs. Customize trackwww.addictinggames.com/pencilracer.html

Pencil History | pencils.com

The Story of Pencils Lesson Plan: Activity 2 - The History of the Pencil? ... Submit Pencil Wiki Page. Images & Galleries. New Image Gallery. Share New Image ...www.pencils.com/pencil-information/pencil-history

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News about Pencil

GIMP User Filter allows use of Photoshop filters

NewsForgeOne brake on the GIMP's popularity is that, while it boasts dozens of filters, a rival like Photoshop boasts thousands. You may only occasionally need a special effect that imitates a pencil sketch or a famous style of painting such as Impressionism or Cubism, but, when you do, having a filter to create the effect instantly saves serious amount of time. To help bridge this divide, the GIMP is ...http://www.linux.com/feature/147173

Broken pencil sharpener earns suspension

WorldNetDailyA fourth-grade student has been suspended from classes in South Carolina for two days and could face further punishment for having a broken pencil sharpener in school.http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=75115

Keep organized while grocery shopping

The San Luis Obispo TribuneAre you one of those people who vows to save money with coupons, but just can't remember to give them to the cashier? An inexpensive solution is the List Caddy ($4.99), a plastic holder that snaps onto the handle of your shopping cart or sticks magnetically to your refrigerator. It holds a shopping list, coupons and a pencil - everything you need to stay organized. The List Caddy is sturdy and ....http://www.sanluisobispo.com/food/story/470741.html

Brightest Stellar Explosion Heralds New Type Of Long-distance Astronomy

Science DailySome 7.5 billion years ago, a supernova heralding the birth of a black hole went off halfway across the universe, sending a pencil-beam flash of light toward Earth that was briefly visible to the naked eye on March 19. UC Berkeley's Joshua Bloom and colleagues, who analyzed data from PAIRITEL and Gemini South to characterize the gamma-ray burst, see such bursts as a way to probe the early ...http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080910141829.ht...

District defends suspension of boy with broken pencil sharpener

The StateHILTON HEAD ISLAND -- Beaufort County School District challenged the accuracy of a story published about a Hilton Head Island fourth-grader suspended after bringing a pencil sharpener blade to school. Jill McAden, principal of Hilton Head Island International Baccalaureate Elementary School, sent a letter home to parents Thursday saying, "We regret that inaccuracies in a local news story ...http://www.thestate.com/breaking/story/522321.html?RSS=break...

News about Pencil

Battered Saints are still a threat in NFC

Dallas Morning NewsThat's 20 more games lost because of injury you can pencil in for the Saints over the season's final 10 weeks. Now add the 10 games cornerback Tracy Porter is going to miss because he went on injured reserve last week with a ... http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/spt/stories/1015...

Putting pencil to paper

Saline ReporterKeith McGuire demonstrates how to draw a Manga figure during a workshop on the Japanese comic book figures Sept. 30 at the Saline District Library. Manga, the art of Japanese comic book drawing, came to life at the end of about 20 pencils last week ... http://www.salinereporter.com/stories/100908/loc_20081009001...

Shaping up

News.com.auPencil - A well-sharpened eyeliner pencil creates a defined, natural brow. Tweezing tips “The best way to keep eyebrows perfectly shaped is to use a combination of waxing and tweezing,” says Sophie. “Waxing cleans up the stray hairs and gives ... http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,24474866-50...

Japanese scientists win Nobel physics prize

Financial TimesConsider a pencil balanced on its point," he said. "The pencil lives in a completely symmetrical world in which all directions are equal. Invariably the pencil will fall over and this original symmetry is lost," Dr Edwards said. "Only one direction ... http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b854fb2e-94d2-11dd-953e-000077b076...

Mars Man’ spacewalks on DFW ramp with Miss India-World

Thaindian.comThe models sported short, pencil straight and ultra modern hairstyles to match the sci-fi theme along with knee-length bubble skirts, fluorescent mini dresses, stapled (not sewn) garments, wide legged flowing trousers in chiffon, long evening dresses ... http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/mars-man-spacew...

Search results for Pencil

PENCIL - Transforming Schools. Together.

What is Principal For A Day ®? Principal For A Day ® (PFAD) is PENCIL's flagship recruitment event. Each fall PENCIL mobilizes hundreds of New York business leaders from all five ... http://www.pencil.org/pfad/

Pencil Inventions

Inventing a New Kind of Pencil. So you want to do some inventing? Well then, ask a student in your class to volunteer showing a pencil to the class that needs improving?http://www.noogenesis.com/inventing/pencil/pencil_page.html

pencil pusher definition |Dictionary.com

Sponsored Links Office Depot Shop Online for Wood Pencils & Pencil Grips at OfficeDepot.com www.OfficeDepot.comhttp://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=pencil+pusher&r=66

Pencil Rebel - Interactive Mixed Media Web Design - Grzegorz ...

Pencil Rebel is an experimental website created by Grzegorz Kozakiewicz using mixed media and Flash to provide a unique, interactive experience. The whole idea in this neverending ... http://www.pencilrebel.com/

Extreme Pencil: Freehand Pencil Art Drawings

Detailed freehand style pencil drawings in graphite. Includes artist's biography.http://www.extremepencil.com/
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Answers for Pencil

Winterlain

What is the difference between watercolor pencil crayons and regular pencil crayons?

Winterlain
jellybeans93

How do I get rid of a pencil mark on my sweatshirt?

jellybeans93graphite comes off with water... you might have to soak it and scrub it off with a nail scrubber, if it is not washable. look on the tag and see what the washing instructions are for it. If it doesn't...
Steve H

How do remove pencil marks from cinder block walls?

Steve HUse a "magic eraser" ( no pun intended ) You can find them in the cleaning aisle at your grocery store. It's about the size of a regular sponge and it will clean almost anything. just wet it and scru...
event horizon

How do you unwrap a charcoal pencil with a string?

event horizonPull the string down so that only one section of the paper wrapped around the pencil is cut through. Carefully with your fingers/fingertips or a pair of twezers (if you have big hands)pull the paper o...
kitKat

How do I clean off the gross pencil marks and rubbed in pencil lead from my school supplies?

kitKatYeah, i think an eraser is the best idea. I've used cleaning wipes (like Chlorox Disinfecting Wipes) and those work pretty well.

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