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Illustration of a redox reaction

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Wikipedia About Oxidation

Illustration of a redox reaction

Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction) describes all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed. This can be either a simple redox process such as the oxidation of carbon to yield carbon dioxide or the reduction of carbon by hydrogen to yield methane (CH4), or it can be a complex process such as the oxidation of sugar in the human body through a series of very complex electron transfer processes.

The term redox comes from the two concepts of reduction and oxidation. It can be explained in simple terms:

  • Oxidation describes the loss of electrons / hydrogen or gain of oxygen / increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom or ion.
  • Reduction describes the gain of electrons / hydrogen or a loss of oxygen / decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom or ion.

Though sufficient for many purposes, these descriptions are not precisely correct. Oxidation and reduction properly refer to a change in oxidation number — the actual transfer of electrons may never occur. Thus, oxidation is better defined as an increase in oxidation number, and reduction as a decrease in oxidation number. In practice, the transfer of electrons will always cause a change in oxidation number, but there are many reactions that are classed as "redox" even though no electron transfer occurs (such as those involving covalent bonds).

Non-redox reactions, which do not involve changes in formal charge, are known as metathesis reactions.

The two parts of a redox reaction File:RustChain.JPG|thumb|250px|Rusting iron thumb|250px|A bonfire. Combustion consists of redox reactions involving free radicals.

Oxidizing and reducing agents

Substances that have the ability to oxidize other substances are said to be oxidative and are known as oxidizing agents, oxidants, or oxidizers. Put another way, the oxidant removes electrons from another substance, and is thus itself reduced. And, because it "accepts" electrons, it is also called an electron acceptor.

Oxidants are usually chemical substances with elements in high oxidation numbers (e.g., H2O2, MnO4, CrO3, Cr2O72−, OsO4) or highly electronegative substances that can gain one or two extra electrons by oxidizing a substance (O, F, Cl, Br).

Substances that have the ability to reduce other substances are said to be reductive and are known as reducing agents, reductants, or reducers. Put in another way, the reductant transfers electrons to another substance, and is, thus, oxidized itself. And, because it "donates" electrons it is also called an electron donor. Reductants in chemistry are very diverse. Metal reduction—electropositive elemental metals can be used (Li, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Al). These metals donate or give away electrons readily. Reactions-Reducing Agents Other kinds of reductants are hydride transfer reagents (NaBH4, LiAlH4), these reagents are widely used in organic chemistry, primarily in the reduction of carbonyl compounds to alcohols. Another useful method is reductions involving hydrogen gas (H2) with a palladium, platinum, or nickel catalyst. These catalytic reductions are primarily used in the reduction of carbon-carbon double or triple bonds.

Search results for Oxidation

Oxidation

Oxidation of Alcohols. Introduction ... In other words, oxidation of alcohols involves the 1,2-elimination of "the ... for the oxidation of 1o alcohols ...www.usm.maine.edu/~newton/Chy251_253/Lectures/Oxidation%20of...

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

A classic demonstration of oxidation-reduction reactions involves placing a ... Reduction occurs when the oxidation number of an atom decreases. ...chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch19/oxred_1.p...

Oxidation states (oxidation numbers)

Explains what oxidation states (oxidation numbers) are, and how to calculate them and make use of them. ... Oxidation states are straightforward to work out ...www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/redox/oxidnstates.html

Oxidation Numbers and Redox Reactions

The oxidation number of an element indicates the number of electrons lost, ... The substance bringing about the oxidation of the sodium atoms is the chlorine, ...www.files.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/notes/oxidation_numbers.html

Internet Chemistry

Exercise 1 - Writing Oxidation Half-Reactions. Exercise 2 - Writing Reduction Half-Reactions ... Oxidation-reduction reactions have many far-reaching ...library.kcc.hawaii.edu/external/chemistry/redox_title.html

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News about Oxidation

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Darby mill site a quagmire

Ravalli RepublicDARBY — Once a source of community pride and paychecks, the old Darby Lumber Company has become more than a state Superfund site contaminating the soil and groundwater.http://www.ravallirepublic.com/articles/2009/05/12/news/znew...

Discovery of major new treatment target in diseased arteries

News-Medical-NetRemoving a single protein prevents early damage in blood vessels from triggering a later-stage, frequently lethal complication of atherosclerosis, according to research published online today in the journal Nature Medicine. By eliminating the gene for a signaling protein called cyclophilin A (CypA) from a strain of mice, researchers were able to provide complete protection against abdominal ...http://www.news-medical.net/news/Discovery-of-major-new-trea...

Get Your Boat Gelcoat to Shine

About.comThis past weekend, it seemed everywhere I went all I saw was boats, boats and more boats! Either on the water or in driveways, owners scrubbed and buffed their...http://powerboat.about.com/b/2009/05/11/get-your-boat-gelcoa...

Bad stem may cause tire leak

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News about Oxidation

Do Antioxidants Curb an Exercise Benefit?

WebMDThe antioxidant supplements shut down the brief, normal spike in oxidation that follows exercise; that temporary bout of oxidation is needed to improve insulin sensitivity, according to the researchers, who included Michael Ristow, MD, chair of the ... http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/news/20090511/do-antio...

MTI Micro Rolls Out Mobion OEM Developers Program

TradingMarkets.comPrueitt will give a presentation titled, "Performance and Durability of Direct Oxidation Fuel Cells Fed with Neat Methanol," while Frawley will be available for demonstrations and discussions with prospective OEMs regarding MTI Micro's Developers ... http://www.tradingmarkets.com/.site/news/Stock%20News/232174...

Uranium Hunter Enters into Joint Venture on the Eagle Nest Mining ...

CNBCLenticular ore body formed from oxidation and enrichment was also found in the fault zone. Previous workings include a 400 feet (121.92 meter) deep shaft and about 170 feet of drifts on the 100 level with some near-surface stopes. The previous mining ... http://www.cnbc.com/id/30583623

Questions of the week ponder paint scrapes and parking tickets

OregonianOver the years, you may eventually see the patch of paint change color due to oxidation. There's nothing wrong with asking a body shop for an estimate to have the clear coat replaced. Q: I just got a ticket for letting the meter expire in downtown ... http://blog.oregonlive.com/commuting/2009/05/questions_of_th...

How to see, smell and taste great wine

MSNBCUnfiltered wines will not be as bright or clear and tend to look darker; a white wine out of condition due to premature oxidation will darken, while a red will lighten. Color jargon Red wine: look at the middle of the wine, then the outside rim ... http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30627736/

Search results for Oxidation

oxidation definition | Dictionary.com

Copy & paste this link to your blog or website to reference this pagehttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/oxidation

oxidation - definition of oxidation in the Medical dictionary - by the ...

oxidation /ox·i·da·tion/ (ok″sĭ-da´shun) the act of oxidizing or state of being oxidized.ox·idative. ox·i·da·tion (k s-d sh n) n. 1. The combination of a substance with ... http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oxidation

Internet Chemistry

Credits. We encourage you to send us feedback so we can make this resource an asset to the global community. Part I - Basic Concepts. Introduction; Oxidation States/Oxidation ... http://library.kcc.hawaii.edu/external/chemistry/

oxidation - definition of oxidation by the Free Online Dictionary ...

ox·i·da·tion (k s-d sh n) n. 1. The combination of a substance with oxygen. 2. A reaction in which the atoms in an element lose electrons and the valence of the element is ... http://www.thefreedictionary.com/oxidation

oxidation - OneLook Dictionary Search

Quick definitions (oxidation) ▸ noun: the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reductionhttp://www.onelook.com/?w=oxidation&ls=a

Wikipedia results for Oxidation

Redox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction) describes all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation

Oxidation state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state

Oxidation number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The oxidation number of a central atom in a coordination compound is the charge that it would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_number

Organic redox reaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Following the rules for determining the oxidation number for an individual carbon atom leads to. oxidation number -4 for alkanes, oxidation number -2 for alkenes, alcohols, alkyl ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_oxidation

Beta oxidation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Beta oxidation is the process by which fatty acids, in the form of Acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in mitochondria and/or in peroxisomes to generate Acetyl-CoA, the entry ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-oxidation
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Answers for Oxidation

JoshOxidation?JoshThere is only one "kind" of oxidation. But there are: 1) different kinds of methods to get oxidation, 2) different kinds of oxidation reactions, and 3) different kinds of oxidation products.EG09What are oxidation numbers and how do you figure out what they are?EG09the numbers are on some better periodic tables they fall out of valence and periodicity but I must admit there is a lot to itblubbablubWhat is the difference between oxidation and valence number?blubbablubYour definition of valence electrons is right, just the number of electrons in the outermost shell. The oxidation number is a little different. Usually, it would come out to the charge if the oute...♥Team Edward♥What is the oxidation number of Cr in the following compound?♥Team Edward♥let the oxidation of Cr = x and the oxidation no of oxygen is -2. now x*2 + (-2)*7 = -2-----(net charge) 2x = 12 x = 6 +6 is the answerzieo92What's the difference between an oxidation number and an ionic charge?zieo92Oxidation Numbers The oxidation number of an element indicates the number of electrons lost, gained, or shared as a result of chemical bonding. The change in the oxidation state of a species lets y...
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