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The optic nerve, also called cranial nerve II, is the nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

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Wikipedia About Optic Nerve

The optic nerve, also called cranial nerve II, is the nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

Anatomy

The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerves but is considered to be part of the central nervous system as it is derived from an outpouching of the diencephalon during embryonic development. Consequently, the fibers are covered with myelin produced by oligodendrocytes rather than the Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system. Similarly, the optic nerve is ensheathed in all three meningeal layers (dura, arachnoid, and pia mater) rather than the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium found in peripheral nerves. This is an important issue, as fiber tracks of the mammalian central nervous system (as opposed to the peripheral nervous system) are incapable of regeneration and hence optic nerve damage produces irreversible blindness. The fibers from the retina run along the optic nerve to nine primary visual nuclei in the brain, whence a major relay inputs into the primary visual cortex.

The optic nerve is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and Portort cells. It leaves the orbit (eye) via the optic canal, running postero-medially towards the optic chiasm where there is a partial decussation (crossing) of fibers from the nasal visual fields of both eyes. Most of the axons of the optic nerve terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus from where information is relayed to the visual cortex. Its diameter increases from about 1.6 mm within the eye, to 3.5 mm in the orbit to 4.5 mm within the cranial space. The optic nerve component lengths are 1 mm in the globe,24 mm in the orbit, 9 mm in the optic canal and 16 mm in the cranial space before joining the optic chiasm. There, partial decussation occurs and about 53% of the fibers cross to form the optic tracts. Most of these fibres terminate in the lateral geniculate body.

From the lateral geniculate body, fibers of the optic radiation pass to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain. More specifically, fibers carrying information from the contralateral superior visual field traverse Meyer's loop to terminate in the lingual gyrus below the calcarine fissure in the occipital lobe, and fibers carrying information from the contralateral inferior visual field terminate more superiorly.

Physiology (and an unexplained anomaly)

The eye's blind spot is a result of the absence of retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye. This is because there are no photoreceptors in this area.

The optic nerve contains 1.2 million nerve fibers. This number is low compared to the roughly 100 million photoreceptors in the retina, and implies that substantial pre-processing takes place in the retina before the signals are sent to the brain through the optic nerve.fact: date=August 2007     There is however an alternative explanation which might conceivably account for this apparent large discrepancy. In commercial communication-channels, there are ways of vastly increasing the signal-capacity (e.g. by using multiple-or-changed modes or frequencies), and there is a case for believing that may be occurring here. See the Appendix, below.   In any case, this is an anomaly — and that arguably calls for investigation along any promising lines-of-enquiry.

Search results for Optic Nerve

MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Optic nerve atrophy

Various eye diseases, most commonly glaucoma, can also cause optic nerve atrophy. ... Optic nerve atrophy can be readily detected on complete examination of the eyes. ...www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001622.htm

Optic atrophy

Optic atrophy may also be referred to as optic nerve head pallor because of the ... This increased pressure may eventually affect the optic nerve if left untreated. ...www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/common/standard/transform...

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Optic nerve hypoplasia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Optic nerve hypoplasia is a medical condition that results in underdevelopment ... Optic Nerve Hypoplasia Information and Network support The MAGIC Foundation ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_nerve_hypoplasia

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Belleville man with lymphoma loses wallet; St. E's employees find it, fill it with cash

Belleville News-DemocratBrian Matejka panicked when he realized his wallet was missing.http://www.bnd.com/yourlife/story/679002.html

Bionic Eye Offers Blind Gift Of Sight

CBS 13 SacramentoA big breakthrough -- a bionic technology that gives blind people the ability to see. The technology is going to be here in Philadelphia soon, and it's already working for one man in London. http://cbs13.com/health/bionic.eye.bionic.2.952647.html

Bionic Eye Offers Blind Gift Of Sight

WBZ BostonThere may soon be new hope for the visually-impaired. New technology is offering the blind the gift of sight.http://wbztv.com/local/bionic.eye.blind.2.952869.html

Fossilized fish brain surprises scientists

Los Angeles TimesAt 300 million years old, the brain is the oldest ever found. The fish skull, found in Kansas, was rare in itself; specimens of early fish are usually squashed flat. Researchers imaging the fossil of a 300-million-year-old fish from Kansas have unexpectedly found a fossilized brain in the animal's skull -- the oldest known brain found to date. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-sci-fishbr...

Bionic Eye

12 FOX Mankato Tonight in health watch:New technology is offering the gift of sight...It&# read more http://www.keyc.tv/node/18674

News about Optic Nerve

For one child in need of hope, Columbia gives 20 sisters

ESPN.comShe also is prone to tumors developing at nerve endings throughout her body, has undergone multiple surgeries for vision problems related to her optic nerve, suffers from early-onset puberty and has balance problems. Columbia assistant coach Kate ... http://sports.espn.go.com/ncaa/news/story?id=3629339

Video: Sirion Therapeutics Launches Durezol for Postoperative Ocular ...

ForbesAdverse reactions associated with ophthalmic steroids include elevated intraocular pressure, which may be associated with optic nerve damage, visual acuity and field defects, posterior subcapsular cataract formation, secondary ocular infection from ... http://www.forbes.com/prnewswire/feeds/prnewswire/2008/10/06...

Chinese stem cell procedure: Scam or savior?

Colorado Springs GazetteOPTIC NERVE HYPOPLASIA Brandon was 6 months old when he was diagnosed with a birth defect called optic nerve hypoplasia, in which the optic nerve never fully develops in utero. He could see a few colors and foggy objects, and recognize faces when they ... http://www.gazette.com/articles/brandon_41444___article.html...

7.4 million Ghanaians may go blind if...

GhanaHomePageGlaucoma occurs when the optic nerve at the back of the eye is slowly destroyed due to increased pressure inside the eye. This results in the blockage of circulation of aqueous fluid or its drainage. Dr Oscar Debrah, Head of Eye Care Unit of the Ghana ... http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.ph...

Foreign treatments ignite a different stem cell debate

Lincoln Journal StarStem cells have never been proven to grow optic nerve fibers in fish or mice, let alone in the human nervous system, which is many times more complex. Restoring human eyesight with stem cell injections would be a miracle, “the equivalent of a ... http://www.journalstar.com/articles/2008/10/06/news/local/do...

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OPTIC NERVE: Perceptual Art of the 1960's

To view examples of Op Art in every day life, click here. Take a magic carpet ride back in time and experience the movement that redefined the art world.http://www.columbusmuseum.org/media/optic/

The Optic Nerve

Described is the optic nerve and aspects of this ocular structure. ... Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the Human Eye Ted M. Montgomery, Optometric Physicianhttp://www.tedmontgomery.com/the_eye/optcnrve.html

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Genetic discovery helps regrow severed nervesFeb. 9: A time-lapse video of two different nerves shows that when you over-stimulate the gene and its related pathway, the nerve re-grows, stretching and searching until it...Windows Media - Video

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Answers for Optic Nerve

ツ jazzy.What part of the brain is the optic nerve connected to?ツ jazzy.It doesn't connect to the occipital lobe. It doesn't even connect to the cerebrum. It connects to the diencephalon which is sometimes referred to as the tween brain. It is the part of the brain tha...VeronicaWhy would a person have a left optic nerve that is larger than the right optic nerve?VeronicaYou may have a "dominant" left eye, which, for as yet to be determined mechanisms, has more retinal ganglion cells, whose axons constitute the left optic nerve (before the decussation), than your righ...janewestusafIs cholesterol on the optic nerve dangerous?janewestusafI'm not an ophthalmologist, but I would suggest that your husband has his blood cholesterol levels checked, if this has not been done already. Cholesterol deposits can occur anywhere in the body wh...Darren SWhat is the data format for the human optic nerve?Darren SFirst of all, the optic nerve does NOT have an encoding format. Think the optic nerve as a cable on your computer. It doesn't compute; it only conducts. The job of your optic nerve is to carry the ...Daniel MIs there any cure or treatment now for optic nerve atrophy?Daniel MI'll pray for you....
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