thumb|right|125px|Florence Nightingale, "Lady with the Lamp", English pioneer of modern nursingNursing roles and education were first defined by Florence Nightingale, following her experiences caring for the wounded in the Crimean War. Tomey, A. M. and Alligood, M. R. (2006). Nursing Theorists and their Work (6th ed.). Mosby: St. Louis. Prior to this, nursing was thought to be a trade with few common practices or documented standards. Nightingale's concepts were used as a guide for establishing nursing schools at the beginning of the twentieth century, which were mostly hospital-based training programs emphasizing the development of a set of clinical skills. The profession's early utilization of a general, hospital-based education is sometimes credited for the wide range of roles nurses have assumed within health-care, and is contrasted with present-day nursing education, which is increasingly specialized and typically offered at post-secondary institutions.

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