Newport ( ) is a city and principal area of Wales in the United Kingdom. Standing on the banks of the River Usk, located roughly between Cardiff and Bristol, it is the largest urban area in the historic county of Monmouthshire and is governed by the unitary Newport City Council. The population of Newport is 140,200, making it the third most populous city and seventh most populous unitary authority in Wales. According to Census 2001 data the population of the core built-up area was 116,143.
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Newport ( ) is a city and principal area of Wales in the United Kingdom. Standing on the banks of the River Usk, located roughly between Cardiff and Bristol, it is the largest urban area in the historic county of Monmouthshire and is governed by the unitary Newport City Council. The population of Newport is 140,200, making it the third most populous city and seventh most populous unitary authority in Wales. According to Census 2001 data the population of the core built-up area was 116,143.
History
- ''See also :Category:History of Newport
Origins
The settlement of 'Newport' is first mentioned as novo burgus established by Robert, Earl of Gloucester in 1126.The Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press 2008. The name was derived from the original Latin name Novus Burgus, meaning new borough or new town. The city can sometimes be found labelled as Newport-on-Usk on old maps. The Welsh language name for the city, Casnewydd-ar-Wysg (IPA2: kasˈnɛwɪð ar ˈwɪsk) means 'New castle-on-Usk' (this is a shortened version of Castell Newydd ar Wysg) and this refers to the twelfth-century castle ruins near the city centre. The original Newport Castle was a small Motte-and-bailey castle in the park opposite St. Woolos Cathedral. It was buried in rubble excavated from the railway tunnels that were dug under Stow Hill in the 1840s and no part of it is currently visible.
Around the settlement, the new town grew to become Newport, obtaining its first charter in 1314 and was granted a second one, by Hugh, Earl of Stafford in 1385. In the 14th century friars came to Newport where they built an isolation hospital for infectious diseases. After its closure the hospital lived on in the place name "Spitty Fields" (a corruption of ysbytty, the Welsh for hospital). "Austin Friars" also remains a street name in the city.
In 1402 Rhys Gethin, General for Owain Glyndwr, forcibly took Newport Castle together with those at Cardiff, Llandaff, Abergavenny, Caerphilly, Caerleon and Usk. During the raid the town of Newport was badly burned and St. Woolos church destroyed.
A third charter, establishing the right of the town to run its own market and commerce came from Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham in 1426. By 1521 Newport was described as having "....a good haven coming into it, well occupied with small crays ships where a very great ship may resort and have good harbour." Trade was thriving with the nearby ports of Bristol and Bridgewater and industries included leather tanning, soap making and starch making. The town's craftsmen included bakers, butchers, brewers, carpenters and blacksmiths. A further charter was granted by James I in 1623.
