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In cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. These organelles range from 110 micrometers (μm) in size. Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in a range of other processes, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, cell death, as well as the control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mental disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and may play a role in the aging process. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος or mitos, thread + χονδρίον or khondrion, granule. Their ancestry is not fully understood, but, according to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria are descended from ancient bacteria, which were engulfed by the ancestors of eukaryotic cells more than a billion years ago.

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Wikipedia about mitochondria

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In cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. These organelles range from 110 micrometers (μm) in size. Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in a range of other processes, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, cell death, as well as the control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mental disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and may play a role in the aging process. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος or mitos, thread + χονδρίον or khondrion, granule. Their ancestry is not fully understood, but, according to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria are descended from ancient bacteria, which were engulfed by the ancestors of eukaryotic cells more than a billion years ago.

Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell varies widely by organism and tissue type. Many cells have only a single mitochondrion, whereas others can contain several thousand mitochondria. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissues and species. In human, 615 distinct types of proteins were identified from cardiac mitochondria; whereas in murine, 940 proteins encoded by distinct genes were reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.

Structure

A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins. The two membranes, however, have different properties. Because of this double-membraned organization, there are five distinct compartments within the mitochondrion. There is the outer mitochondrial membrane, the intermembrane space (the space between the outer and inner membranes), the inner mitochondrial membrane, the cristae space (formed by infoldings of the inner membrane), and the matrix (space within the inner membrane).

Search results for Mitochondria

Cellular Respiration

Overview of biochemistry of energy conversion within the organelle, as part of ... Chemiosmosis in Mitochondria. How many ATPs? ... do mitochondria have ...users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellularRe...

Mitochondria Research

Mitochondria Research Portal - articles, jobs, lab registry, news, forum - updated daily ... The most important role of mitochondria is the production of ATP. ...www.mitochondrial.net/

Biology4Kids.com: Cell Structure: Mitochondria

Biology4Kids.com! The web site that teaches the basics of biology and life science to everyone! ... enough energy to survive, more mitochondria can be created. ...www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_mito.html

Mitochondria 2

... two daughter mitochondria split. Of course, the mitochondria must first ... It appears that the cluster of mitochondria are sitting in a matrix of proteins ...cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/mitoch2.htm

Mitochondria - MicrobeWiki

Mitochondria are phylogenically most closely related to the microbe Rickettsia ... The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria. ...microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Mitochondria

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News about Mitochondria

Eel's electricity may pave way for future medical implants

New KeralaLondon, October 3 : A team of American scientists from Yale University and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) says that it is possible to build artificial cells that can replicate the electrical behaviour of electric eels, a fish species that can generate powerful shocks for both hunting and self-defence.http://www.newkerala.com/topstory-fullnews-28846.html

Vitamin C and Chemotherapy: Bad Combo?

MedicineNet.comTitle: Vitamin C and Chemotherapy: Bad Combo? Category: Health News Created: 10/2/2008 Last Editorial Review: 10/2/2008http://www.medicinenet.com/guide.asp?s=rss&k=DailyHealth&a=9...

Vitamin C reduces benefits of cancer drugs: study

AFP via Yahoo! News Vitamin C supplements may significantly reduce the effectiveness of several anti-cancer drugs, according to a new study published Wednesday.http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20081001/hl_afp/ushealthcancervi...

Vitamin C may hinder many anti-cancer drugs: study

CTV.caVitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that can lower a person's risk of developing a number of diseases. But it may also reduce the effectiveness of anti-cancer medication, new research suggests.http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20081002...

Models of Eel Cells Suggest Electrifying Possibilities

PhysOrg(PhysOrg.com) -- Engineers long have known that great ideas can be lifted from Mother Nature, but a new paper by researchers at Yale University and the National Institute of Standards and Technology takes it to a cellular level. Applying modern engineering design tools to one of the basic units of life, they argue that artificial cells could be built that not only replicate the electrical ...http://www.physorg.com/news142180005.html

News about Mitochondria

Nobel Prize winner Dr. George Palade dies at 95

Philadelphia InquirerUsing those techniques, he identified the function of, among other things, mitochondria, the power plants of the cell, and ribosomes, the protein-making machinery. "George Palade was not only one of the leading scientists of his era, but was a pioneer ... http://www.philly.com/philly/wires/ap/features/science/20081...

Avoid Vitamin C Supplements During Cancer Therapies

Medheadlines.comThough there are several approaches a cancer patient and his or her physician can take toward eliminating the cancer, all therapies have one common goal - killing the cancerous cell.  To kill the cell, the function of its mitochondria must be ... http://medheadlines.com/2008/10/06/avoid-vitamin-c-supplemen...

Obituaries in the news

Los Angeles TimesUsing those techniques, he identified the function of, among other things, mitochondria, the power plants of the cell, and ribosomes, the protein-making machinery. Working with Albert Claude at what is now known as Rockefeller University in New York ... http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/wire/sns-ap-d...

Deaths elsewhere

Minneapolis Star TribuneUsing those techniques, he identified the function of, among other things, mitochondria, the power plants of the cell, and ribosomes, the protein-making machinery. When Palade came to the United States from Romania in 1946, most studies of cellular ... http://www.startribune.com/obituaries/30823994.html?elr=KArk...

Vitamin C supplements may reduce benefit from wide range of anti ...

Science CentricThey found instead that DHA was restoring viability to the cancer cell's damaged mitochondria - the cell's all-important power plant that, when injured, sends signals to force a cell to die. 'Vitamin C appears to protect the mitochondria from ... http://www.sciencecentric.com/news/article.php?q=08100979

Search results for Mitochondria

Cell Organelles: Mitochondria

Mitochondria provide eukaryotic cells with energy. ... Mitochondria provide the energy a cell needs to move, divide, produce secretory products, contract - in ... http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/mitochon.htm

Mitochondria

Mitochondria. In order to understand the mechanism by which the energy released during respiration is conserved as ATP, it is necessary to appreciate the structural features of ... http://www.scripps.edu/mem/biochem/ayagi/mito.html

Molecular Expressions Cell Biology: Mitochondria

Mitochondria are tubular-shaped organelles that are found in the cytoplasm of every eukaryotic cell. In the animal cell, they are the main power generators, converting oxygen and ... http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/mitochondria/mitochondria....

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are the energy factories of the cells. The energy currency for the work that animals must do is the energy-rich molecule adenosine triphosphate . The ATP is produced ... http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/mitochond...

Mito Research

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I'll tell you about the the importa...

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SIRA: Is Aging Caused by a Decline ...

SIRA: Is Aging Caused by a Decline in our Cell's Powerhouse? (Mitochondria)SIRA: Is Aging Caused by a Decline in our Cell's Powerhouse? (Mitochondria)RealMedia - Video

Mitochondria Matt part 1

Mitochondria Matt part 1lol Matt trying to teach us about mitochondria, "I will throw this cap at you"Flash - Video

Mitochondria - ATP

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Mitochondria: Genetics, Health, and...

Mitochondria: Genetics, Health, and DiseaseNIH: Office of the DirectorRealMedia - Video

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Answers for Mitochondria

Morpheus Blak

What does the mitochondria do and is it located in animal cells, plant cells, or both?

Morpheus BlakThe mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell; provides energy. It is also helpful in cellular respiration. Mitochondria are located in both plant and animal cells. Ribosomes aid in protein sy...
pinaypie

What characteristic do mitochondria and chloroplasts share?

pinaypieA. Both have DNA and external and internal membranes.
musicloveofmylife

What is between the 2 membranes of the mitochondria, nucleus and other double membraned organelles?

musicloveofmylifeIn the case of membrane bound organelles, the lipid bilayer serves to define the limits of the particular organelle. In the case of the nucleus and the mitochondria there are specific unique differenc...
Rachely

What is the difference in the number of mitochondria in onion epidermal cells and human cheek cells?

RachelyHuman cheek cells, being a little more active than onion cells need more energy, so have more mitochondria, which are the powerhouses of the cell producing energy by respiration.
joe

How come there are chloroplasts in plants, aside from the mitochondria?

joeBoth of these organelles do similar processes, just in different directions. Mitochondria are respiratory structures the consume chemical energy. Chloroplasts create high energy molecules for respirat...

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