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Mammals (class Mammalia) are a class of vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of sweat glands, including sweat glands modified for milk production, hair, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex region in the brain.

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Wikipedia about mammals

Mammals (class Mammalia) are a class of vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of sweat glands, including sweat glands modified for milk production, hair, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex region in the brain.

All mammals (except for the five species of monotremes) give birth to live young instead of laying eggs. Most mammals also possess specialized teeth, and the largest group of mammals, the placentals, use a placenta during gestation. The mammalian brain regulates endothermic and circulatory systems, including a four-chambered heart.

There are approximately 5,400 species of mammals, ranging in size from the Bumblebee Bat to the Blue Whale, distributed in about 1,200 genera, 153 families, and 29 orders, though this varies by classification scheme.

Most mammals belong to the placental group. The four largest orders within the placental mammals are Rodentia (mice, rats, and other small, gnawing mammals), Chiroptera (bats), Carnivora (dogs, cats, bears, and other mammals that primarily eat meat), and Cetartiodactyla (including numerous herbivore species, such as deer, sheep, goats, and buffalos, plus whales). The human species is also a placental mammal, a member of the order Primates.

Phylogenetically, Mammalia is defined as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of monotremes (e.g., echidnas and platypuses) and therein mammals (marsupials and placentals). This means that some extinct groups of "mammals" are not members of the crown group Mammalia, even though most of them have all the characteristics that traditionally would have classified them as mammals. These "mammals" are now usually placed in the unranked clade Mammaliaformes.

The mammalian line of descent diverged from the sauropsid line at the end of the Carboniferous period. The sauropsids would evolve into modern-day reptiles and birds, while the synapsid branch led to mammals. The first true mammals appeared in the Jurassic period. Modern mammalian orders appeared in the Palaeocene and Eocene epochs of the Palaeogene period.

Distinguishing features

Living mammal species can be identified by the presence of sweat glands, including those that are specialized to produce milk.

However, other features are required when classifying fossils, since soft tissue glands and some other features are not visible in fossils. Paleontologists use a distinguishing feature that is shared by all living mammals (including monotremes), but is not present in any of the early Triassic synapsids: mammals use two bones for hearing that were used for eating by their ancestors. The earliest synapsids had a jaw joint composed of the articular (a small bone at the back of the lower jaw) and the quadrate (a small bone at the back of the upper jaw). Most reptiles and non-mammalian synapsids use this system including lizards, crocodilians, dinosaurs (and their descendants the birds), and therapsids (mammal-like "reptiles"). Mammals have a different jaw joint, however, composed only of the dentary (the lower jaw bone which carries the teeth) and the squamosal (another small skull bone). In mammals the quadrate and articular bones have become the incus and malleus bones in the middle ear. Note: "non-mammalian synapsids" above implies that mammals are a sub-group of synapsids, and that is exactly what cladistics says they are.

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Homework Help - Yahoo! Kids

HOME. NEWS. ANIMALS. AMPHIBIANS. BIRDS. FISH. INSECTS. MAMMALS. REPTILES. ANIMALS ON THE WEB ... ancient egypt animals cats dictionary dinosaurs dogs ...kids.yahoo.com/learn

Mammals in the Yahoo! Directory

Find sites devoted to the hairy class of animals that include our familiar friends, cats and dogs, as well as the giants of land and sea, elephants and whales. ...dir.yahoo.com/Science/Biology/Zoology/Animals__Insects__and_...

Animal Info

Offers information on the biology and ecology of various species as well as current status of rare and endangered mammals. Also provides an individual species index sorted by common and scientific name.www.animalinfo.org/

eNature: FieldGuides: Mammals

eNature Field Guide to Mammals -- Comprehensive guide to America's mammals with species pictures, field descriptions, mammal tracks and scat, range and habitat ...www.enature.com/fieldguides/intermediate.asp?curGroupID=5

ADW: Mammalia: Information

... About Mammals Frog Calls ... hair is present in all mammals at some point in their ... Thus, female mammals invest a great deal of energy caring for ...animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mam...

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News about Mammals

No second-day air for Chicago's dolphins

UPI CHICAGO, Sept. 9 (UPI) -- Officials at Chicago's Shedd Aquarium say the seven whales and four dolphins they FedExed to the East Coast are doing fine.http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2008/09/09/No_second-day_air_for...

Manatees saved through manhole

Orlando SentinelSometimes saving the manatees, protected wildlife mammals who dwell around Florida, takes some hands-on work. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/orl-bk-manatees-saved-manhole...

'Jungle Joe' Lands In Bucks County

CBS 3 PhiladelphiaJungle Joe's traveling zoo now has a permanent home in Warwick, Bucks County.http://cbs3.com/local/Zoo.Warwick.Jungle.2.813722.html

Giant honeybees use Mexican waves to repel predatory wasps

EurekAlert!( Public Library of Science ) In a new study published in the journal PLoS ONE this week, researchers at the University of Graz, Austria, and the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, UK, report the finding that shimmering -- a remarkable capacity of rapid communication in giant honeybees -- acts as a defensive mechanism, which repels predatory hornets, forcing them to hunt free-flying bees, further ...http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-09/plos-ghu09080...

Online dating is a real zoo for rare animals

MSNBC Just like the digital dating services that pair up people, so-called studbooks are used to match most animals held in captivity. The databases containing information on sex, age and weight — not so much about favorite comfort foods or long walks on the beach — are used by more than 200 zoos nationally and some internationally. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26623133/

News about Mammals

Scientists: 1 in 4 mammals faces extinction

Seattle TimesConservationists have taken the first detailed look at the world's mammals in more than a decade, and the news isn't good. "Our results paint a bleak picture of the global status of mammals worldwide," the team led by Jan Schipper of the ... http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/200...

1 in 4 mammals face extinction risk

SalonAt least 25% of the world's mammal species are at risk of extinction, according to the first assessment of their status for a decade. The Red List of Threatened Species says populations of more than half of mammalian species are falling, with Asian ... http://www.salon.com/5things/2008/10/06/_in_mammals_face_ext...

Large number of Kerala animals, plants in Red List

HinduFrom Myristica malabarica , a tree found in swamp forests, to birds such as painted stork and black-headed ibis and mammals such as Malabar civet and Nilgiri tahr, a large number of plants and animals endemic to Kerala are there in the latest Red List ... http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/13/stories/2008101357040100.htm

ENVIRONMENT: Global warming sending tropical species uphill

Daily Times ... report indicates that the impact of global climate change on some tropical rainforest and mountain species could be significant.” In another article, Science reports this week on a similar uphill trek by squirrels, mice and other small mammals in ... http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\10\13\sto...

Researchers document world's mammals in crisis

HULIQ.comWriting in the October 10 issue of Science, ("The Status of the World's Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge") and unveiling a "Red List" of endangered mammal species (at the International Union for Conservation of Nature World ... http://www.huliq.com/11/70005/researchers-document-worlds-ma...

Search results for Mammals

Portal:Mammals - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Culture  · Geography  · Health  · History  · Mathematics  · Natural sciences  · Philosophy  · Religion  · Society  · Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mammals

Mammals

Australia is well known for its unique mammals. It is one of the few places in the world where representatives from all three major groups of mammals can be found. Of the 358 or so ... http://www.amonline.net.au/mammals/

Mammal Pictures, Photos, Facts, Information, Profiles, Sounds ...

Humans are mammals. The word mammal comes from the Latin mamma, meaning breast, because female mammals produce milk to nurse their babies. Nearly all mammals give birth to live ... http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals.html

mammals on Yahoo! Kids Animals

Mammals live on land, at sea, in the air, and under the ground. category ... What Is a Mammal? Mammals live on land, at sea, in the air, and under the ground.http://kids.yahoo.com/animals/mammals

ZOOM MAMMALS - EnchantedLearning.com

Explore mammals, learn about their anatomy and behavior, study fossils and the evolution of mammals, print out classroom activities, find mammal links, and more.http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/
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The Life of Mammals - Life in Trees...

The Life of Mammals - Life in Trees.divxTo reap the benefits of a life in the trees, mammals evolved a range of different techniques to move from branch to branch - even from tree to tree.Flash - Video

Cheetah no longer holds the record ...

Cheetah no longer holds the record of the world's fastest land mammalMan, the biggest carnivore of all.Flash - Video

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Planet Humans Mammals Animal Protec...

Planet Humans Mammals Animal Protection Bigtime 2008BE WARNED, VIEWERS MAY FIND VIDEO CONTENTS DISTURBING. MANY THANKS TO GREENPEACE, SEA SHEPARD, OP and LOTS MORE OTHERS FOR THIS VIDEO. VIDEO HAS BEEN EDITED NOT FOR 'PROFIT MONEY...Flash - Video

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2 Mammals 1 CupThe controversial video of a deer, a guy, and something in a cup.MPEG 4 - Video

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Answers for Mammals

Justin K

What are average birth weights of ten mammals?

Justin KJust look up 10 mammals in any true encyclopedia and you should have your answer. http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/ for example, gives birthweights of most animals in their a-z...
Thin Kaboudit

Why does the Western world eat so few of the edible mammals?

Thin KabouditIgnorance And Fear.
shadow_teeth

How are marine mammals and land mammals related?

shadow_teethThe evolutionary link between them came when the first marine/near shore animals started to show land type characteristic. They moved closer to shore, sometimes leaving the water for short times. Th...
heeltap

How did poisons become the preferred means of predatory snakes to kill mammals and birds?

heeltapFirst off: THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN EVOLUTIONARY SCALE OF COMPLEXITY. The idea that the beings can be ordered from bacteria to human belongs in the 18th century. There were both birds and mammals...
Duke of Tudor

What are the purposes of nipples on male mammals?

Duke of TudorI saw a show on "The Learning Channel" where the man actually developed a breast and started producing milk in it while his wife was pregnant. Strangely it was only on one side. I dont know HOW or ev...

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