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Lithium ( ) is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft alkali metal with a silver-white color. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive, corroding quickly in moist air to form a black tarnish. For this reason, lithium metal is typically stored under the cover of oil. When cut open, lithium exhibits a metallic lustre, but contact with oxygen quickly returns it back to a dull silvery grey color. Lithium is also highly flammable.

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Wikipedia About Lithium

Lithium ( ) is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft alkali metal with a silver-white color. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive, corroding quickly in moist air to form a black tarnish. For this reason, lithium metal is typically stored under the cover of oil. When cut open, lithium exhibits a metallic lustre, but contact with oxygen quickly returns it back to a dull silvery grey color. Lithium is also highly flammable.

According to theory, lithium (mostly 7Li) was one of the very few elements synthesized in the Big Bang, although its quantity has vastly decreased. The reasons for its disappearance and the processes by which new lithium is created continue to be important matters of study in astronomy. Lithium is tied with krypton as the 32nd or 33rd most abundant element in the cosmos (see Cosmochemical Periodic Table of the Elements in the Solar System), being less common than any element before Rubidium (element 37) except for scandium, gallium, arsenic, and bromine, yet more common than any element beyond krypton (element 36).

Due to its high reactivity it only appears naturally on Earth in the form of compounds. Lithium occurs in a number of pegmatitic minerals, but is also commonly obtained from brines and clays; on a commercial scale, lithium metal is isolated electrolytically from a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride.

Trace amounts of lithium are present in the oceans and in some organisms, though the element serves no apparent biological function in humans. Nevertheless, the neurological effect of the lithium ion Li+ makes some lithium salts useful as a class of mood stabilizing drugs. Lithium and its compounds have several other commercial applications, including heat-resistant glass and ceramics, high strength-to-weight alloys used in aircraft, and lithium batteries. Lithium also has important links to nuclear physics: the splitting of lithium atoms was the first man-made form of a nuclear reaction, and lithium deuteride serves as the fusion fuel in staged thermonuclear weapons.

History and etymology

Petalite (lithium aluminium silicate) was first discovered in 1800 by the Brazilian (then Portuguese) scientist José Bonifácio de Andrade e Silva, who discovered the mineral in a Swedish iron mine on the island of Utö. However, it was not until 1817 that Johan August Arfwedson, then a trainee in the laboratory of Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discovered the presence of a new element while analyzing petalite ore. The element formed compounds similar to those of sodium and potassium, though its carbonate and hydroxide were less water soluble and had a larger capacity to neutralize acid. Berzelius gave the alkaline material the name "lithos", from the Greek λιθoς (lithos, "stone"), to reflect its discovery in a mineral, as opposed to sodium and potassium which had been discovered in plant tissue; its name would later be standardized as "lithium". Arfwedson later showed that this same element was present in the mineral ores spodumene and lepidolite. In 1818, Christian Gmelin was the first to observe that lithium salts give a bright red color in flame. However, both Arfwedson and Gmelin tried and failed to isolate the element from its salts. The element was not isolated until 1821, when William Thomas Brande performed electrolysis on lithium oxide, a process which had previously been employed by Sir Humphry Davy to isolate potassium and sodium. Brande also described pure salts of lithium, such as the chloride, and performed an estimate of its atomic weight. In 1855, Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen produced large quantities of the metal by electrolysis of lithium chloride. Commercial production of lithium metal began in 1923 by the German company Metallgesellschaft AG through the electrolysis of a molten mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride.

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Lithium

Features history, sources, its usage in WWII, and the price of the element. From the periodic table resources of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.periodic.lanl.gov/elements/3.html

NAMI | About Medication

Lithium carbonate is a salt that was first approved in the United States in 1970 ... In order for lithium to work properly, it should be taken every day in regularly ...www.nami.org/helpline/lithium.htm

lithium: Definition from Answers.com

lithium n. ( Symbol Li ) A soft, silvery, highly reactive metallic element that is used as a heat transfer medium, in thermonuclear weapons, and inwww.answers.com/topic/lithium

Lithium - SigmaAldrich.com

Find information on Lithium and related products at SigmaAldrich.comwww.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/TablePage/16282253

Lithium - MedlinePlus

Offers basic information on its use as a medication, including special precautions and side effects.www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a681039.html

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News about Lithium

R Martin Limited Announces Full Size 55 mph Lithium Electric Scooter - No Gas, No Oil, No Noise

PRWeb via Yahoo! News Model EVD can travel at 55 mph with up to a 60 mile range using only electric power. New lithium battery EVD electric scooter is classified as either a moped or motorcycle depending on state regulations.http://news.yahoo.com/s/prweb/20081002/bs_prweb/prweb1414714...

New US Rules Impact Lithium-Ion Cell-Phone Battery Recycling

Cellular-News.comNew US Federal Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials Regulations covering lithium-ion batteries -- which have just come into effect -- will impact both the cell-phone recycling industry and consumers who want to ship their wireless handsets for recycling.http://www.cellular-news.com/story/33931.php

New Department of Transportation Rules Impact Lithium-Ion Cell-Phone Battery Recycling

PR Newswire via Yahoo! Finance New Federal Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials Regulations covering lithium-ion batteries -- which take effect today -- will impact both the cell-phone recycling industry and consumers who want to ship their wireless handsets for recycling.http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/081001/aqw102.html?.v=50

New Class of Drugs Might Cause Congenital Heart Defects

Health ScoutLithium is only such drug on market, but more powerful versions are in development, researcher warns.http://www.healthscout.com/news/1/619937/main.html

Major US Company Set to Achieve Advanced Development of Lithium Ion Battery Technology Using Superlattice's Partially ...

Centre Daily TimesSuperlattice Power, Inc. (OTCBB:SLAT) www.superlatticepower.com emerging leader in the development and marketing of next generation of lithium-powered batteries worldwide along with all its current developments, is working towards partnering with a major USA company to achieve advanced development of lithium ion battery technology with a partially lithiated anode and cathode technology.http://www.centredaily.com/business/technology/story/873288....

News about Lithium

Loss of the protein target of lithium disrupts normal mouse embryonic ...

Science CentricIndividuals with bipolar disorder are usually treated with 'mood stabilising' drugs, one of which is lithium - an inhibitor of GSK-3 proteins. As new drugs that are more powerful inhibitors of GSK-3 are under development despite controversial studies ... http://www.sciencecentric.com/news/article.php?q=08100518

Start-up looks to extend battery life

CNET NewsIntel-backed start-up ZPower may be the first to introduce an alternative to the ubiquitous lithium-ion laptop battery, with a silver-zinc technology the company says will make its debut with a large laptop maker in 2009. The company promises up to ... http://news.cnet.com/8301-1001_3-10062336-92.html

Rockwood Holdings, Inc. Announces Investor Day Webcast and Question ...

MSN MoneyCentralFeatured this year will be product displays and demonstrations relating to Lithium use in alternative energy, which has become a critical component of new technologies to power automobiles. Through its subsidiary Chemetall ... http://news.moneycentral.msn.com/provider/providerarticle.as...

Alert driver leads police to meth lab

Daily JournalThey say the case contained syringes, lithium batteries, a metal spoon and a baggy containing Sudafed pills and crushed pseudoephedrine. Police will be asking prosecutors to charge the man with third-degree domestic assault, possession of a precursor ... http://www.dailyjournalonline.com/articles/2008/10/12/news/d...

Read all 'Green tech' posts in Crave

CNET NewsThe Volt uses a series hybrid system, using an electric motor to drive the wheels with a gas engine to generate more electricity once the car's lithium ion battery pack is depleted. Under electric power alone, the car has a 40-mile range and can be ... http://news.cnet.com/8300-17938_105-1.html?categoryId=2047

Search results for Lithium

Lithium - Services - Strategy and Planning Services

Market-leading solutions for building successful enterprise communities, including proven forums, chat, and other social networking tools on-demand.http://www.lithium.com/services/planning

Home: Chemetall Lithium Division - The Lithium Company - The Lithium ...

Manufacturer of lithium specialities and supplier of lithium compounds.http://www.chemetalllithium.com/

Lithium Express - lithium coin cell batteries

Lithium coin cell batteries - low prices and fast shipmenthttp://www.lithiumexpress.com/

Lithium Technology

Latest Lithium News: 12/05/2007: Lithium Technology Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer Issues Letter to Stockholders 11/27/2007: Lithium Technology Corporation Receives ... http://www.lithiumtech.com/

BlueLithium - Data is the difference

Data is the Difference. BlueLithium is the data driven performance marketing company. Data is the difference. The difference between a campaign that meets your objectives vs. one ... http://bluelithium.com/
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Lithium Eases Symptoms of Fatal Neu...

Lithium Eases Symptoms of Fatal Neurological DisorderStudies in mice have shown that lithium, a drug widely used to treat mood disorders in humans, can provide relief from the crushing symptoms of a fatal brain disease, according to researchers at the H...quicktime: 2.8 MB w:320px - h:240px

Answers for Lithium

Jason LHow should I deal with a lithium hangover?Jason LbiancaonwenuWhat is the difference between a lithium ion battery in an ipod dying and its lack to charge?biancaonwenuthe batteries dead.. no matter what you do to it.. you can charge it all you want.. itll still die out in a matter of seconds/mins/hours.. depending on the condition of the battery.. its natural.. whe...narfinator3What is the correct formula for lithium bromide?narfinator3why don't you try on google?Ginsi BonsaiHow does lithium effect someone who does not have bipolar disorder?Ginsi BonsaiNo. Lithium will have no effect on a person who is not MOOD DISORDERED. Now, Lithium is mostly used to treat Bipolar 1...BUT there are times when it might be used to treat severe treatment resistant...jetfighterWhat is the best way to charge a Lithium ion battery for maximum battery life?jetfighterTo make your batteries last the longest: first time charge is usually overnight as it is slow as heck...HOWEVER you DO need to condition your batteries at the beginning, and every 2-3 months for opt...
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