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A nuclide is any particular atomic nucleus with a specific number of a atom 'Z and mass number A; it is equivalently an atomic nucleus with a specific number of protons and neutrons. Collectively, all the isotopes of all the elements form the set of nuclides. The distinction between the terms isotope and nuclide has somewhat blurred, and they are often used interchangeably. Isotope is better used when referring to several different nuclides of the same element; nuclide'' is more generic and is used when referencing only one nucleus or several nuclei of different elements. For example, it is more correct to say that an element such as fluorine consists of one stable nuclide rather than that it has one stable isotope.

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Wikipedia about isotope

A nuclide is any particular atomic nucleus with a specific number of a atom 'Z and mass number A; it is equivalently an atomic nucleus with a specific number of protons and neutrons. Collectively, all the isotopes of all the elements form the set of nuclides. The distinction between the terms isotope and nuclide has somewhat blurred, and they are often used interchangeably. Isotope is better used when referring to several different nuclides of the same element; nuclide'' is more generic and is used when referencing only one nucleus or several nuclei of different elements. For example, it is more correct to say that an element such as fluorine consists of one stable nuclide rather than that it has one stable isotope.

In IUPAC nomenclature, isotopes and nuclides are specified by the name of the particular element, implicitly giving the atomic number, followed by a hyphen and the mass number (e.g. helium-3, carbon-12, carbon-13, iodine-131 and uranium-238). In symbolic form, the number of nucleons is denoted as a superscripted prefix to the chemical symbol (e.g. 3He, 12C, 13C, 131I and 238U).

About 339 nuclides occur naturally on Earth, of which 269 (about 79%) are stable. Counting the radioactive nuclides not found in nature that have been created artificially, more than 3100 nuclides are currently known.

History of the term

Discovery%20of%20neon%20isotopes.JPG

The term isotope was coined in 1919 by Margaret Todd, a Scottish doctor, during a conversation with Frederick Soddy (to whom she was distantly related by marriage). Soddy, a chemist at Glasgow University, explained that it appeared from his investigations as if several elements occupied each position in the periodic table. Hence Todd suggested the Greek term for "at the same place" as a suitable name. Soddy adopted the term and went on to win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1921 for his work on radioactive substances.

Soddy's use of the word isotope was initially with regard to radioactive (unstable) atoms. However, in 1913, as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays, J. J. Thomson channeled a stream of ionized neon through a magnetic and an electric field and measured its deflection by placing a photographic plate in its path. Thomson observed two patches of light on the photographic plate (see image on right), which suggested two different parabolas of deflection. This was the first observation of different stable isotopes for an element. Thomson eventually concluded that some of the atoms in the neon gas were of higher mass than the rest.

Chemical and atomic properties

A neutral atom has the same number of electrons as protons. Thus, different isotopes of a given element all have the same number of protons and electrons and the same electronic structure, and because the chemical behavior of an atom is largely determined by its electronic structure, different isotopes exhibit nearly identical chemical behavior. The main exception to this is the kinetic isotope effect: due to their larger masses, heavier isotopes tend to react somewhat more slowly than lighter isotopes of the same element. This is most pronounced for protium (1H) vis-à-vis deuterium (2H), because deuterium has twice the mass of protium. The mass effect between deuterium and the relatively light protium also affects the behavior of their respective chemical bonds, by means of changing the center of gravity (reduced mass) of the atomic systems. However, for heavier elements, the absolute mass of nucleus relative to electrons is far more, and the relative mass difference between isotopes is much less, and thus the mass-difference effects on chemistry are usually negligible.

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Glossary Item - Isotope

A glossary of scientific terms. ... Isotope. Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are ...education.jlab.org/glossary/isotope.html

About Cambridge Isotope Laboratories - Stable Isotopes from Cambridge ...

CIL has the most complete product offering of stable isotope labeled ... production laboratories and its Xenia, Ohio isotope separation facility. ...www.isotope.com/cil/about/index.cfm

Everything you wanted to know and learn about Isotopes - Isotope dot info

Everything you wanted to know and learn about Isotopes. A blog about the many uses ... Isotope? ... Carbon stable isotope ratios are reported relative to the PDB ...isotope.info/?cat=13

isotope

This isotope is called Deuterium (2D). A hydrogen isotope with 1 proton and 2 ... The bonds holding the lighter isotope within the molecules break a bit easier ...ethomas.web.wesleyan.edu/ees123/isotope.htm

Isotope separation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

8 Isotope Separators for Research. 8.1 Beam Production Capability of ISOL Facilities ... Isotope separation is the process of concentrating specific isotopes of a ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope_enrichment

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Satisfaction growing as tritium level is shrinking

Morris Daily HeraldDIAMOND - City of Braidwood employee Dave Tutterow of Dwight believes Exelon Nuclear is taking the necessary steps in resolving the tritium issue.http://morrisdailyherald.com/articles/2008/10/03/news/343ccd...

Tuna returns thousands of miles to spawn at birthplace

New KeralaLondon, Oct 3 : Atlantic bluefin tuna weighing as much as 700 kg, is the most sought-after of its kind, fetching as much as 50,000 dollar in the Asian markets where its meat is prized, which explains its depleting numbers since the 1970s.http://www.newkerala.com/topstory-fullnews-28827.html

Our Solar System Born in 'Little Bang'

SPACE.comNew computer model shows a supernova likely triggered the birth of the sun.http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/081002-little-bang.htm...

Scientists Find new migratory patterns for Mediterranean and Western Atlantic bluefin tuna

EurekAlert!New research into the life cycle of Atlantic bluefin tuna shows, for the first time, that Mediterranean and North American bluefin mix substantially as juveniles, but return to their place of birth to spawn. These new research findings, which appear in the Oct. 3 edition of Science Express, have critical implications for how bluefin tuna are managed on both sides of the Atlantic.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/uomc-sfn09290...

'Little bang' triggered solar system formation

EurekAlert!( Carnegie Institution ) For several decades, scientists have debated whether the Solar System formed as a result of a shock wave from an exploding star -- a supernova -- that triggered the collapse of a dense, dusty gas cloud that contracted to form the Sun and the planets. Now, astrophysicists at the Carnegie Institution have shown for the first time that a supernova could indeed have ...http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/ci-bt100208.p...

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Cargotec Port Security System Awarded QATT Designation From U.S ...

NewsdeskPerformance testing at the ORNL facility utilizing the Cargotec spreader platform resulted in isotope test results demonstrating 100% accuracy with zero false positives and zero false negatives. This was the result of 300 consecutive tests using a ... http://www.newsdesk.se/view/pressrelease/cargotec-port-secur...

Delegation for rare isotopes facility to present proposal

University of Chicago ChronicleA delegation from the University and Argonne National Laboratory will present its proposal to host the $550 million Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, a major new particle accelerator, on Thursday, Oct. 16 and Friday, Oct. 17 in Rockville, Md. The ... http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/081009/frib.shtml

New nuclear research in Japan could make energy bomb-proof

United Press InternationalOf the plutonium, 60 percent of plutonium-239 is the primary fissile isotope used to produce nuclear weapons, and less than 2 percent of plutonium-238 is a non-fissile, alpha-emitting isotope with a half-life -- the time needed for an element to ... http://www.upi.com/Energy_Resources/2008/10/07/New_nuclear_r...

Unlocking the Secrets of Atomic Nuclei

LiveScience.comOne of the nation's flagship nuclear science facilities, NSCL is the largest university-based rare isotope research laboratory in the United States. MSU trains 10 percent of all U.S. nuclear science doctoral students and has the No. 2 graduate ... http://www.livescience.com/strangenews/081010-bts-cyclotron....

Cargotec Port Security Successfully Completes Customs & Border ...

NewsdeskIsotope identification § Isotope proportional mix § Classification § Product identification (comparison of a known isotope to a known NORMS database; pattern recognition analysis) Ensuring Container Security ... Without Compromising Port Productivity ... http://www.newsdesk.se/view/pressrelease/cargotec-port-secur...

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Isotope - MSN Encarta

Isotope, one of two or more species of atom having the same atomic number, hence constituting the same element, but differing in mass number. As...http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761575299/Isotope.html

Home - Advanced Medical Isotope Corporation Home

Advanced Medical Isotope Corporation (AMIC) is engaging in the production and distribution of medical isotopes and medical isotope in vivo delivery systemshttp://www.isotopeworld.com/

Isotope definition of Isotope in the Free Online Encyclopedia.

isotope (ī`sətōp), in chemistry and physics, one of two or more atoms having the same atomic number but differing in atomic weight atomic weight, mean (weighted average) of the ... http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/isotope
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Answers for Isotope

Just a Student

How might you use radioactive isotope to find out whether the oxygen in CO2 comes from sugar or oxygen gas?

Just a StudentYou can replace the oxygen gas (O2) of the reactants with a radioactive isotope. If the CO2 product is radioactive, then the oxygen came from the O2, if not then the oxygen came from the sugar.
♥ ScK

What are the percent natural abundance of each potassium isotope?

♥ ScKhttp://education.jlab.org/itselemental/iso019.html Natural Abundance & Half-life K-39 93.2581% Stable K-40 0.0117% 1.265×10+9 years K-41 6.7302% Stable
Scooby B

How many neutrons does the following isotope of Nitrogen have?

Scooby B8! 15amu-7amu(proton)=8amu(neutron) Nitrogen is #7 that means it always has to have 7 protons. Mass is attributed to protons and neutrons 1unit per.
flyercam2

How do you find out the fractional abundance of an isotope?

flyercam2To find the percent abundance of each isotope of chlorine proceed as follows: Let x = fraction of Cl-35 then fraction of Cl-37 must be 1-x so 34.9689x + (36.9659)(1-x) = 35.4527 and so...
Desiree' J

What does it mean to be compared to a Radioactive Isotope ?

Desiree' JUnstable? No offense, just the only connection I could think of.

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