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Integrins are receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and the tissues surrounding it, which may be other cells or the extracellular matrix (ECM). They also play a role in cell signaling and thereby define cellular shape, mobility, and regulate the cell cycle.

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Wikipedia About Integrin

Integrins are receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and the tissues surrounding it, which may be other cells or the extracellular matrix (ECM). They also play a role in cell signaling and thereby define cellular shape, mobility, and regulate the cell cycle.

Typically, receptors inform a cell of the molecules in its environment and the cell evokes a response. Not only do integrins perform this outside-in signalling, but they also operate an inside-out mode. Thus, they transduce information from the ECM to the cell as well as reveal the status of the cell to the outside, allowing rapid and flexible responses to changes in the environment, for example to allow blood coagulation by platelets.

There are many types of integrin, and many cells have multiple types on their surface. Integrins are of vital importance to all animals and have been found in all animals investigated, from sponges to mammals. Integrins have been extensively studied in humans.

Integrins work alongside other proteins such as cadherins, cell adhesion molecules and selectins to mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction and communication.

Structure

Integrins are obligate heterodimers containing two distinct chains, called the α (alpha) and β (beta) subunits. In mammals, 19 α and 8 β subunits have been characterized, whereas the Drosophila genome encodes only five α and two β subunits, and the Caenorhabditis nematodes possess two α and one β genes. Both the α and β subunits contain two separate tails, both of which penetrate the plasma membrane and possess small cytoplasmic domains.

alpha

beta

In addition, variants of some of the subunits are formed by differential splicing, for example 4 variants of the beta-1 subunit exist. Through different combinations of these alpha and beta subunits, some 24 unique integrins are generated, although the number varies according to different studies.

Integrin subunits span the plasma membrane and in general have very short cytoplasmic domains of about 40-70 amino acids. The exception is the beta-4 subunit which has a cytoplasmic domain of 1088 amino acids, one of the largest known cytoplasmic domains of any membrane protein. Outside the cell plasma membrane, the alpha and beta chains lie close together along a length of about 23 nm, the final 5 nm N-termini of each chain form a ligand-binding region for the ECM, or extracellular matrix.

The molecular mass of the integrin subunits can vary from 90 kDa to 160 kDa. β subunits have four cysteine-rich repeated sequences. Both α and β subunits bind several divalent cations. The role of the α subunit is unknown, but they may stabilize the folds of the protein. The β subunits are more interesting: they are directly involved in coordinating at least some of the ligands that integrins bind.

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We characterized the interaction between integrin and two conserved regions of ... Mutagenesis of the integrin cytoplasmic domain, within the chimera, showed the ...jcs.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/119/8/1632

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NASA Spaceline Current Awareness 8 September 2008

SpaceRefNASA Spaceline Current Awareness 8 September 2008http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.rss.html?pid=29358

Targeted nanoparticles map tumor blood supply in 3-D, assess therapy

News-Medical-NetOne of the defining characteristics of solid tumors is the development of a network of new blood vessels to nourish the rapidly reproducing malignant cells. Now, using a nanoparticle targeted to those new blood vessels, a joint academic-industrial research team, led by investigators from the Siteman Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, has developed a way to construct a three-dimensional .....http://www.news-medical.net/?id=41694

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Partnerships Strengthen Finland Biotech

Genetic Engineering NewsIn a collaboration with the University of Turku the team is looking at what genes are necessary for integrin signaling when cells invade. Live cell imaging of activated integrin siRNA hits in P13 cells can reveal what happens in cell morphology when ... http://www.genengnews.com/articles/chitem.aspx?aid=2868&nc=1

Medarex to Receive Milestone Payment for Approval of Simponi for the ...

Phramalive.com ... technology in development by Centocor Ortho Biotech Inc. or its partners include STELARA(TM) (ustekinumab), a human antibody approved in Canada and Europe for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis; and CNTO 95, an anti-integrin human ... http://www.pharmalive.com/News/Index.cfm?articleid=618416

How Tumor Cells Move

Science DailyOne of these receptors is what is known as b1-integrin, which is frequently formed in many tumors such as metastasizing breast cancer. “The cell signal factor SCAI controls the formation and function of b1-integrin,” says Dr. Robert Grosse. “If ... http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090408104530.ht...

Potential Target For Cancer, Wound Healing And Fibrosis Discovered

Science DailyThe paper, β1 Integrin Cytoplasmic Domain Residues Selectively Modulate Fibronectin Matrix Assembly and Cell Spreading through Talin and Akt-1, will be published in the March 20, 2009 issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry. The research team ... http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090318162622.ht...

Infant in need of bone marrow transplant

Woonsocket CallLAD is caused by a lack of beta 2 integrin, also called CD18, molecules. These molecules are normally found on the outer surface of phagocytes. Without them, the phagocytes cannot attach to blood vessel walls and enter infected tissues where they ... http://www.woonsocketcall.com/content/view/78123/112/

Search results for Integrin

Integrin: Definition from Answers.com

integrin ( in′tegrən ) ( cell and molecular biology ) A heterodimeric transmembrane receptor protein of animal cells that binds to components of thehttp://www.answers.com/topic/integrin

The Integrin Page

Welcome to The Integrin Page. Since April 30, There is a mirror site of The Integrin Page which makes use of java and frames. If your browser supports this, then please take a look ... http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/9629/

Integrin

Encyclopedia information on Integrin ... Integrin. Integrin is a membrane protein found in the plasma membrane of cells, and plays a role in the attachment of cells to the ... http://www.iscid.org/encyclopedia/Integrin

Marine Biotoxins & Microbiology Services Scotland - Integrin Advanced ...

Integrin provide marine biotoxins & microbiology services for the shellfish & finfish industry and the academic research community in Scotland and throughout the UK.http://www.integrin.co.uk/

integrin definition | Dictionary.com

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Wikipedia results for Integrin

Integrin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Integrins are cell surface receptors that interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mediate various intracellular signals. They define cellular shape, mobility, and regulate ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin

Integrin alpha M - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Integrin alpha M (ITGAM) is one protein subunit that forms the heterodimeric integrin alpha-M beta-2 (α M β 2) molecule, also known as macrophage-1 antigen or complement receptor ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin_alpha_M

Integrin-linked kinase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a 59kDa protein originally identified while conducting a yeast-two hybrid screen with integrin β1 as the bait protein (Hannigan et al., 1996).http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin-linked_kinase

Integrin, beta 6 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Integrin, beta 6, also known as ITGB6, is a human gene. [1] References ^ Entrez Gene: ITGB6 integrin, beta 6". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin%2C_beta_6

Integrin, beta 5 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Integrin, beta 5, also known as ITGB5, is a human gene. [1] References ^ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin%2C_beta_5
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Collagen-Integrin atomic detail, PM...

Collagen-Integrin atomic detail, PMAPhttp://www.proteolysis.org Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 50% of the whole-body protein...Flash - Video

Talin-Induced by Integrin - the mov...

Talin-Induced by Integrin - the movieWe can build movies for you! http://adoracreative.com/scientificvisualization TALIN is a high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal protein concentrated at regions of cellsubstratum...Flash - Video

Integrin-Collagen binding model, PM...

Integrin-Collagen binding model, PMAPhttp://www.proteolysis.org Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 50% of the whole-body protein...Flash - Video

Armina Wiggins Meyerhoff 20th Oral ...

Armina Wiggins Meyerhoff 20th Oral PresentationIntegrin Expression Is Altered After Acute And Chronic CocaineFlash - Video

The Matrix debunking evolution 3/8

The Matrix debunking evolution 3/8An April 2008 article in Science News magazine adds: "To make sense of the genome, systems biologists think in terms of networks. If two kinds of proteins or other biological...Flash - Video

Answers for Integrin

galasT-cells, aLb2 integrin, and CXCL10.......are driving me crazy .....I am running out of time PLEASE HELP?galasThis is an interesting question. I will try to answer it based upon my overall knowledge of cell biology and chemokine biology. a) Increased integrin presence on the plasma membrane likely occurs...
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