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An immunoassay is a biochemical test that measures the concentration of a substance in a biological liquid, typically serum or urine, using the reaction of an antibody or antibodies to its antigen. The assay takes advantage of the specific binding of an antibody to its antigen. Monoclonal antibodies are often used as they only usually bind to one site of a particular molecule, and therefore provide a more specific and accurate test, which is less easily confused by the presence of other molecules. The antibodies picked must have a high affinity for the antigen (if there is antigen available, a very high proportion of it must bind to the antibody).

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Wikipedia About Immunoassay

An immunoassay is a biochemical test that measures the concentration of a substance in a biological liquid, typically serum or urine, using the reaction of an antibody or antibodies to its antigen. The assay takes advantage of the specific binding of an antibody to its antigen. Monoclonal antibodies are often used as they only usually bind to one site of a particular molecule, and therefore provide a more specific and accurate test, which is less easily confused by the presence of other molecules. The antibodies picked must have a high affinity for the antigen (if there is antigen available, a very high proportion of it must bind to the antibody).

Both the presence of antigen or antibodies can be measured. For instance, when detecting infection the presence of antibody against the pathogen is measured. For measuring hormones such as insulin, the insulin acts as the antigen.

For numerical results, the response of the fluid being measured must be compared to standards of a known concentration. This is usually done though the plotting of a standard curve on a graph, the position of the curve at response of the unknown is then examined, and so the quantity of the unknown found.

Detecting the quantity of antibody or antigen can be achieved by a variety of methods. One of the most common is to label either the antigen or antibody. The label may consist of an enzyme (see enzyme immunoassay (EIA)), radioisotopes such as I-125 Radioimmunoassay (RIA), magnetic labels (magnetic immunoassay - MIA) or fluorescence. Other techniques include agglutination, nephelometry, turbidimetry and Western Blot.

Immunoassays have a particularly important role in the diagnosis of HIV through the HIV test

Types

Immunoassays can be divided into those that involve labelled reagents and those which involve non-labelled reagents. Those which involve labelled reagents are divided into homogenous and heterogeneous (which require an extra step to remove unbound antibody or antigen from the site, usually using a solid phase reagent) immunoassays. Heterogeneous immunoassays can be competitive or non-competitive.

  • In a competitive immunoassay, the antigen in the unknown sample competes with labeled antigen to bind with antibodies. The amount of labeled antigen bound to the antibody site is then measured. In this method, the response will be inversely proportional to the concentration of antigen in the unknown. This is because the greater the response, the less antigen in the unknown was available to compete with the labeled antigen.

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Definition of immunoassay - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

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Immunoassay Tests: Information from Answers.com

Immunoassay Tests Definition Immunoassays are chemical tests used to detect or quantify a specific substance, the analyte, in a blood or body fluidwww.answers.com/topic/immunoassay-tests

Immunoassay

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Test/QA Plan for Verification of Immunoassay Test Kit

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Immunoassay Literature

UniCel® DxI 800 Access® Immunoassay System. DS-11233A. Vitamin B12 ... The Role of Preanalytical Factors in Chemistry and Immunoassay Testing. Bulletin 9606 ...www.beckman.com/resourcecenter/literature/DiagLit/ClinLitLis...

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News about Immunoassay

Beacon Sciences Announces New Color-Changing Assay for Creatinine

Centre Daily TimesBiotechnology company Beacon Sciences, LLC, announced today the new product introduction of a diagnostic assay for quantification of creatinine, a urine metabolite and universal indicator of kidney function, that changes color to the naked eye. Unlike existing assays, Beacon has created this assay using a synthetic receptor for this compound that replaces traditional enzyme and antibody based ...http://www.centredaily.com/business/technology/story/824065....

Vermillion and Stanford Scientists Receive 'Best Research Award' From the PAD Coalition

PR Newswire via Yahoo! Finance Vermillion, Inc. , a molecular diagnostics company, announced today that a team of scientists at Stanford University and Vermillion has been awarded the prestigious "Best Research Award" at the Annual General Meeting of the PAD Coalition.http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/080908/aqm081.html?.v=52

bioMerieux: First-Half 2008 Financial Report

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bioMerieux: First-Half 2008 Financial Report

wallstreet:online AGRegulatory News: bioMerieux (Paris:BIM), a global leader in the field of in vitro diagnostics,http://www.wallstreet-online.de/nachrichten/nachricht/252771...

Beacon Sciences Announces New Color-Changing Assay for Creatinine

Business Wire via Yahoo! Finance AUSTIN, Texas----Biotechnology company Beacon Sciences, LLC, announced today the new product introduction of a diagnostic assay for quantification of creatinine, a urine metabolite and universal indicator of kidney function, that changes color to the naked eye.http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/080908/20080908005326.html?.v=1

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Rotateq Receives WHO Pre-qualification

Phramalive.com ... that a subject meet both of the following clinical and laboratory criteria: (1) greater than or equal to 3 watery or looser-than-normal stools within a 24-hour period and/or forceful vomiting; and (2) rotavirus antigen detection by enzyme immunoassay ... http://www.pharmalive.com/News/Index.cfm?articleid=576823

Myriad down despite licensing chemo dosing tech

CNBCIt will be a laboratory-based product that will be run here in our reference laboratory essentially as an immunoassay," said William Hockett, Myriad's executive vice president of corporate communications. In a phone interview, Hockett said the ... http://www.cnbc.com/id/27071175

Biomarker Assay Use Increases

Genetic Engineering NewsIn clinical development, an HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 multiplexed, competitive Luminex® Immunoassay was used to select the optimal formulation in dose ranging studies, to show the long-term duration of antibodies following vaccination and the presence ... http://www.genengnews.com/articles/chitem.aspx?aid=2612&nc=1

2007 Safety Alerts for Drugs, Biologics, Medical Devices, and Dietary ...

Center for Food Safety and Applied NutritionAbbott Laboratories Architect Stat Troponin-1 Immunoassay (Posted 06/08/2007) Advanced Medical Optics Complete MoisturePLUS Multipurpose Contact Lens Solution (Posted 05/29/2007; UPDATED 05/31/2007, 08/01/2007) Alcon Refractive Horizons LADAR6000 ... http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2007/safety07.htm

bioM é rieux to Develop New Highly-Specific, Non-Invasive Test for ...

Businesswire.comAfter a research phase, the new test should be developed on the VIDAS ® platform, one of the most widely installed automated immunoassay instruments in the world. “ It was an obvious choice to partner with bioM é rieux because ... http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080924006127/en

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Amazon.com: Immunoassay: Books

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Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique - Wikipedia, the free ...

Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique, or EMIT, is a common method for screening urine and blood for drugs, whether legal or illicit. It is part of the homogeneous immunoassay.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_Multiplied_Immunoassay_T...

immunoassay - Definition at Your Dictionary

noun. a technique for analyzing, and measuring the concentration of, antibodies, hormones, etc. in the body, used in diagnosing disease, detecting the presence of a tumor or drug ... http://www.yourdictionary.com/immunoassay

immunoassay - Wiktionary

Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionaryhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/immunoassay

Definition of immunoassay - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

A test that uses the binding of antibodies to antigens to identify and measure certain substances. Immunoassays may be used to diagnose disease.http://www.cancer.gov/Templates/db_alpha.aspx?CdrID=335072
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Answers for Immunoassay

GAUTAM Bwhat is a fourth generation anti-hcv immunoassay?GAUTAM BIt's a way of testing for and measuring Hepatitis C in the blood. The lab tests available have become better over the years, and each successive test is termed the next "generation". ELISA stands f...Justinewhat is enzyme immunoassay?JustineAn assay that uses an enzyme-bound antibody to detect antigen. The enzyme catalyzes a color reaction when exposed to substrate. An immunoassay is a biochemical test that measures the level of a s...mauriceCan a drug test tell how long ago and how much of the drug you took and over what period of time????mauricethe length of time a drug has been taken can be determined, but usually by testing hair folliclesdouchebagwhen talking about the detection for THC, what do they mean about the cutoff concentration?douchebagThey are referring to the amount of THC metabolites detected in a given volume of specimen (in this case, urine). If there are 50 nanograms of THC metabolites per milliliter of urine, the test will...faridaI am a researcher (biochemist) in medical health can I find a job in research projects /in toronto?faridaI would think you could with your qualifications! I live in Calgary where it is booming right now but not up to date on the Toronto employment scenario. While you are looking, you could consider a h...
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