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Hydrate is a term used in inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry to indicate that a substance contains water. The chemical state of the water varies widely between hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.

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Wikipedia About Hydrate

Hydrate is a term used in inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry to indicate that a substance contains water. The chemical state of the water varies widely between hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.

Chemical nature of hydrates

In organic chemistry, a hydrate is a compound formed by the addition of water or its elements to a host molecule. For example, ethanol, CH3—CH2—OH, can be considered as a hydrate of ethylene, CH2=CH2, formed by the addition of H to one C and OH to the other C. A molecule of water may be eliminated, for example by the action of sulfuric acid. Another example is chloral hydrate, CCl3—CH(OH)2, which can be formed by reaction of water with chloral, CCl3—CH=O.

Molecules have been labeled as hydrates for historical reasons. Glucose, C6H12O6, was originally thought of as C6(H2O)6 and described as a carbohydrate, but this is a very poor description of its structure as known today. And methanol is often sold as “methyl hydrate”, implying an incorrect formula CH3OH2, although the correct formula is CH3—OH.

In inorganic chemistry, hydrates contain water molecules that are either bound to a metal center or crystallized with the metal complex. Such hydrates are also said to contain "water of crystallization" or "water of hydration". If the water is heavy water, where the hydrogen consists of the isotope deuterium, then the term deuterate may be used in place of hydrate.

Cobalt(II)%20chloride.jpg

Cobalt(II)-chloride-hexahydrate-sample.jpg

The notation of hydrous compound , where n is the number of water molecules per molecule of salt, is commonly used to show that a salt is hydrated. The n is usually a low integer, though it is possible for fractional values to exist. In a monohydrate n is one, in a hexahydrate n is 6 etc. Such water is also referred to as water of crystallization. Examples include borax decahydrate, clathrate hydrates (a class of solid hydrates of gases), and chalcanthite. Gas hydrates are clathrate hydrates: water ice with gas molecules trapped within. When the gas is methane it is called a methane hydrate.

A hydrate which has lost water is referred to as an anhydride, and can normally lose further water only upon strong heating, if at all. A substance which contains no water is referred to as anhydrous.

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CHLORAL HYDRATE

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Chloral hydrate (CASRN 302-17-0) | IRIS | US EPA

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DOE - Fossil Energy: DOE's Methane Hydrate R&D Program

DOE's program to explore the long-term potential of ice-like methane hydrates as a future source of natural gas. ... Methane hydrate is a cage-like lattice of ...www.fe.doe.gov/programs/oilgas/hydrates/

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PRWeb via Yahoo! News Skincare-News.com discusses adult acne, a common and potentially exasperating condition. Find out how to create a skincare routine that both treats and prevents breakouts.http://news.yahoo.com/s/prweb/20080914/bs_prweb/prweb1327604...

Field hockey

Chambersburg Public OpinionJordyn Beam played the role of hero in an overtime victory over Camp Hill ... Beam found the cage 11:52 into overtime to propel the Lady Hounds (2-0), who outshot the Lions 15-5 ... Emily Breneman put Ship in front 1-0 by halftime, scoring off a feed from Katie Shoop ...http://www.publicopiniononline.com/ci_10367106?source=most_e...

Advice From the Curly Hair Expert

BellaOnlineCurly haired women are always looking for the right prescription of products and procedures to tame their curly locks. Quidad, the Queen of Curl shares her experience.http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art58415.asp

Vincent cramps up against Isabella

The Shelby County ReporterVINCENT — Isabella outlasted Vincent, 23-14, in a battle that wore down both teams Friday night, scoring a fourth-quarter touchdown to seal the game. Both teams lost key players to cramps for several downs in the second half, but Vincent (2-1, 0-1) lost more, and it cost them.http://www.shelbycountyreporter.com/news/2008/sep/13/vincent...

Vermonter heads to the pits for her latest research

The Barre Montpelier Times ArgusWhen Dr. Lara Carlson, an exercise science professor at Castleton State College, made a business trip to Hendrick Motorsports in Concord, N.C., last month, it was as much pleasure as business. It was actually a Daytona-sized thrill for this rabid NASCAR fan. ... - By Tom Haley Rutland Heraldhttp://www.timesargus.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/2008091...

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Photos: JANE Launches the First Value-Priced Organic Line: Be Pure(R ...

PR NewswireLemon Balm and Comfrey complex which hydrate and moisturize to reduce the appearance of fine lines on skin. In an effort to respond to environmental concerns, JANE has made a commitment that 90% of the packaging for this Collection is 100% recyclable ... http://sev.prnewswire.com/household-consumer-cosmetics/20081...

Cool Stuff for fall

Calgary SunHere's a way to hydrate with attitude. Glaceau vitamin water comes in eight flavours and vitamin combinations, each with sassy advice about how they'll help keep you healthy. The Defense (raspberry-apple) label explains it is for those who have "had ... http://calsun.canoe.ca/Lifestyle/2008/10/11/7050576-sun.html

Solutions to Everything, Pt. 1

San Francisco ExaminerAlso known as methane hydrate , there are huge deposits of this substance in fields just below the sea floor -- more than all the fossil fuel deposits on earth combined. With any luck, we'll learn to tap this in time to make the transition to solar ... http://www.examiner.com/x-924-Los-Angeles-Trends-Examiner~y2...

Jaguars Challenges: Altitude, Broncos Offense

WOKV.comThere is no way to acclimate unless you live there...so you have to hydrate." Who knew hydration was the key to overcoming elevation. Someone send a case of Gatorade to the sherpas in the Himalayas. The more difficult challenge will be Jay Cutler and ... http://wokv.com/blogs/jaguars/2008/10/jaguars-challenges-alt...

Ice Road Truckers Series Two

femalefirst.co.ukTwo clients, the Mallik Gas Hydrate Research Project and MGM Energy, rely on the short ice road season as the sole supply for their energy ventures. In about two months these clients need the Ice Road Truckers to move hundreds of heavy and oversized ... http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/tv/news/Ice+Road+Truckers+Serie...

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HYDRATE HOME

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HYDRATEHOPE.ORG

Here is a shot from a past Hydrate Hope event in The Woodlands, TX. Credit: Chip Gillespie - Studio 563. i am change is a global movement of change ... http://hydratehope.org

Hydrate Cookbook

Home Getting Started Download Documentation API Docs Reference FAQ EJB 3.0 Support Contacthttp://hydrate.sourceforge.net/

Methane clathrate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Methane clathrate, also called methane hydrate or methane ice, is a solid form of water that contains a large amount of methane within its crystal structure (a clathrate hydrate).http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_hydrate

Hydrate for Health - Hydration Systems & Hydration Solutions: drinking ...

If you can't reach it you can't drink it! The Hydrant and The Hydrant Sports are breakthrough drinking aids - ingeniously simple, low-cost, solutions to the potentially life ... http://www.hydrateforhealth.co.uk/
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Hydrating Tips For A Heat Wave

Hydrating Tips For A Heat WaveAlthea Zanecosky offers tips on how to hydrate when the heat is on.Windows Media - Video

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hydrate_burning.mpg

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I Shouldn't Be Alive: Survival Tips...

I Shouldn't Be Alive: Survival Tips - Stay HydratedOne of the key tips if you're stranded in the cold is to stay hydrated.wmv: 0 MB w:400px - h:300px

A43_T1.mov

A43_T1.movMovie Movie (OS X) Descriptionquicktime: 2.9 MB w:320px - h:240px

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ochiai-3.ram代替エネルギーを求めて - メタンハイドレート - 落合 浩志 石油公団 石油開発技術センター [講演ビデオ1] [講演ビデオ2] [講演ビデオ3]realmedia: 2.8 MB w:320px - h:240px

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Answers for Hydrate

Randall Wwhat does it mean to be an unstable hydrate?Randall WIt means that the molecule will not easily accept a stable complex with water. There are compounds which are hydroscopic (water loving) and hydrophobic (water hating). The ones that like water are ...lousytonileenWhy the Method to find the %tage of water in hydrate crystals is not suitable for all hydrates?lousytonileenhi! i need an answer for that question too! nvm. i found one. One reason might be because some bonds are too strong for heating to break it. In this lab, water molecules are weakly attracted to t...buckeyesean27What is a method for finding the amount of water in a hydrate?buckeyesean27Take a sample of the anhydrous substance and saturate it with water. If you are lucky it won't dissolve - then filter it - dry it in a standard drying oven an take a weight percentage from there. ...KatieWhat is the percent water by weight in this hydrate?KatieFrom the formula. FW of hydrate = 237.9 Contribution from 6 H2O = 108 (108/237.9 )x100 = 45.4% From experimental data (11.3/25 )x 100 = 45.2% Pretty good agreement.JennaHHow to hydrate sun dried tomatoes?JennaHThe most common method of hydrating sun-dried fruit is just covering the fruit in hot water. The process is also referred to as re-hydrating or reconstituting.
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