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The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other mammals. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in long term memory and spatial navigation. Like the cerebral cortex, with which it is closely associated, it is a paired structure, with mirror-image halves in the left and right sides of the brain. In humans and other primates, the hippocampus is located inside the medial temporal lobe, beneath the cortical surface. Its curved shape reminded early anatomists of the horns of a ram (Cornu Ammonis), or a seahorse. The name, in fact, derives from the Greek word for seahorse (Greek: ιππος, hippos = horse, καμπος, kampos = sea monster).

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Wikipedia About Hippocampus

The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other mammals. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in long term memory and spatial navigation. Like the cerebral cortex, with which it is closely associated, it is a paired structure, with mirror-image halves in the left and right sides of the brain. In humans and other primates, the hippocampus is located inside the medial temporal lobe, beneath the cortical surface. Its curved shape reminded early anatomists of the horns of a ram (Cornu Ammonis), or a seahorse. The name, in fact, derives from the Greek word for seahorse (Greek: ιππος, hippos = horse, καμπος, kampos = sea monster).

In Alzheimer's disease the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage; memory problems and disorientation appear among the first symptoms. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation (anoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy. People with extensive hippocampal damage may experience amnesia – the inability to form or retain new memories.

In rodents, the hippocampus has been studied extensively as part of the brain system responsible for spatial memory and navigation. Many neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampus respond as place cells: that is, they fire bursts of action potentials when the animal passes through a specific part of its environment. Hippocampal place cells interact extensively with head direction cells, whose activity acts as an inertial compass, and with grid cells in the neighboring entorhinal cortex.

Because of its densely-packed layers of neurons, the hippocampus has frequently been used as a model system for studying neurophysiology. The form of neural plasticity known as long term potentiation (LTP) was first discovered to occur in the hippocampus and has often been studied in this structure. LTP is widely believed to be one of the main neural mechanisms by which memory is stored in the brain.

Functions

Historically, the earliest widely held hypothesis was that the hippocampus is involved in olfaction. This idea was largely motivated by a belief, later shown to be false, that the hippocampus receives direct input from the olfactory bulb. There continues to be some interest in hippocampal olfactory responses, particularly the role of the hippocampus in memory for odors, but few people believe today that olfaction is a primary function of the hippocampus.

Over the years, three main ideas of hippocampal function have dominated the literature: inhibition, memory, and space. The behavioral inhibition theory (caricatured by O'Keefe and Nadel as "slam on the brakes!") was very popular up to the 1960s. It derived much of its justification from two observations: first, that animals with hippocampal damage tend to be hyperactive; second, that animals with hippocampal damage often have difficulty learning to inhibit responses that they have previously been taught. Jeffrey Gray developed this line of thought into a full-fledged theory of the role of the hippocampus in anxiety. The inhibition theory is currently the least popular of the three.

Search results for Hippocampus

Hippocampus: - Robert L. Isaacson Book at Yahoo! Shopping

Yahoo! Shopping is the best place to comparison shop for Hippocampus: - Robert L. Isaacson Book. Compare prices, read reviews and shop online.shopping.yahoo.com/p:Hippocampus::3000128437

HippoCampus Biology - AP Biology I - Homework Help

The best multimedia instruction on the web to help you with your AP Biology I homework and study. ... New HippoCampus mini-sites! ... Â ...www.hippocampus.org/Biology

The Hippocampus

The hippocampus is one of the brain structures making up the limbic system. Although the hippocampus lies beneath the cerebral cortex it is not truly a ...homepages.nyu.edu/~eh597/seahorse.htm

| The Hippocampus | Hi! I'm Hoo the hippo

Skip Intro - Site Map. All contents of this site © Hippocampus Experience Center, Bangalore. Best viewed with 1024 x 768 Resolution ...www.hippocampus.in/

Hippocampus, Margarita Island - Hotel Reviews - TripAdvisor

See 2 traveler reviews, candid photos, and great deals for Hippocampus, ranked #10 of 63 hotels in Margarita Island and rated 3.0 of 5 at TripAdvisor.www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel_Review-g316061-d487856-Reviews-Hip...

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Potassium Flow Into Cells Linked To Schizophrenia

redOrbitBlocking errant protein could stem runaway brain activity in psychosisA study on schizophrenia has implicated machinery that maintains the flow of potassium in cells and revealed a potential molecular target for new treatments. Expression of a previously unknown form of a key such potassium channel was found to be 2.5 fold higher than normal in the brain memory hub of people with the chronic ...http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1683793/potassium_flow_i...

Schizophrenia: Blocking Errant Protein Could Stem Runaway Brain Activity In Psychosis

Science DailyA study on schizophrenia has implicated machinery that maintains the flow of potassium in cells and revealed a potential molecular target for new treatments. Expression of a previously unknown form of a key potassium channel was found to be 2.5 fold higher than normal in the brain memory hub of people with the chronic mental illness and a hotspot of genetic variation.http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090506094218.ht...

Flow of potassium into cells implicated in schizophrenia

EurekAlert!( NIH/National Institute of Mental Health ) A study on schizophrenia has implicated machinery that maintains the flow of potassium in cells and revealed a potential molecular target for new treatments. Expression of a previously unknown form of a key potassium channel was found to be 2.5 fold higher than normal in the brain memory hub of people with the chronic mental illness and a hotspot of ...http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-05/niom-fop05050...

What's up on deck? Happy hour moves outside

The News JournalWe've called around to some of our favorite deck and patio hot spots, 12 in all, to see what they've got cooking for the warm weather. From live entertainment to food and booze specials, here's your guide to hitting the deck.http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20090506/SPARK0101/905...

Seahorses 'Stood Up' 25 Million Years Ago

Animal PlanetSeahorses adopted their upright posture to take advantage of grassy habitats.http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2009/05/06/seahorses-stand-up....

News about Hippocampus

Flow of potassium into cells implicated in schizophrenia

PhysOrgThis shows areas in the prefrontal cortex (right) and hippocampus (left) where activity differed in healthy control subjects during thinking tasks, depending on whether they had the risk version of the KCNH2 potassium channel gene. The image is made ... http://www.physorg.com/news160820661.html

What's up on deck? Happy hour moves outside

Delaware OnlineJune bands include Spokey Speaky, Kristen and the Noise, The Bullbuckers and Hippocampus. Cover is $5. Food & Booze: Keep an eye out for bucket specials (including bottles of Bud Light and Corona), which they will be unveiling this summer (price TBA ... http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20090506/SPARK0101/905...

Novel Role Of Protein In Generating Amyloid-beta Peptide

Science DailyScienceDaily (May 3, 2009) — A defining hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the accumulation of the amyloid β protein (Aβ), otherwise known as "senile plaques," in the brain's cortex and hippocampus, where memory consolidation occurs. Researchers ... http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090427193240.ht...

Lithium may help radiation target cancer, spare healthy tissue

PhysOrgRadiation-induced damage to the healthy cells of the hippocampus, a brain structure crucial for learning and memory, is one likely source of these deficits. These cognitive impairments have long-lasting effects on the quality of life for survivors ... http://www.physorg.com/news160660640.html

Genetic variant impairs communication within the brain

Science CentricIn contrast to this, the link between the DLPFC and the hippocampus, a further region of the brain of importance for the memory, was improved. Both these noteworthy phenomena had already been shown to exist in patients suffering from schizophrenia. ... http://www.sciencecentric.com/news/article.php?q=09050208-ge...

Search results for Hippocampus

hippocampus - definition of hippocampus in the Medical dictionary - by ...

hippocampus /hip·po·cam·pus/ (hip″o-kam´pus) [L.] a curved elevation in the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle; a functional component of the limbic system ... http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hippocampus

Hippocampus - Psychology Wiki

The hippocampus is a part of the forebrain, located in the medial temporal lobe. It belongs to the limbic system and plays major roles in long term memory and spatial navigation.http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Hippocampus

HippoCampus - US History

Browse US History Lessons Select a Unit from the top row; then select a Lesson to launch. http://history.hippocampus.org/

Anatomy of the Brain - Hippocampus

Information and resources pertaining to the hippocampus ... More from About.com. Make Meals Easy An easy way to put delicious meals together.http://biology.about.com/library/organs/brain/blhippocam.htm

The Hippocampus

The Hippocampus (last updated June 2007 ) A page from: Eric Hargreaves'Page O'Neuroplasticity. The hippocampus is one of the brain structures making up the limbic system.http://homepages.nyu.edu/%7Eeh597/seahorse.htm

Wikipedia results for Hippocampus

Hippocampus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other mammals. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in long term memory and spatial navigation ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus

Hippocamp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The hippocamp or hippocampus (plural: hippocampi; Greek: ἵπποκαμπος, from ἵππος, "horse" and κάμπος , "monster" [1]), often called a sea-horse [2] in English ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus_(mythology)

Hippocampus anatomy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The hippocampus is a neural structure in the medial temporal lobe. It has a distinctive, curved, shape that has been likened to the sea horse monster of Greek mythology and the ram ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus_anatomy

Seahorse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Seahorses are a genus (Hippocampus) of fish belonging to the family Syngnathidae, which also includes pipefish and leafy sea dragons. There are over 32 species of seahorse, mainly ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus_(fish)

Hippocampus erectus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hippocampus erectus is a Seahorse from the Western Atlantic. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 19cm in length.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus_erectus
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Hippocampus and Lateral Ventricle

Hippocampus and Lateral VentricleUCLA Interactive Neurosciences v3.0 contains multimedia resources to support first year neurosciences curricula. This project has been made possible by a Multimedia Development...Flash - Video

Hippocampus and friends

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Hippocampus

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Hippocampus Kuda

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Hippocampus in München - Top RestaurantAnnely heute bei einem absoluten Top-Italiener ... lecker, lecker ...Flash - Video

Answers for Hippocampus

ciomlolHippocampus?ciomlolI wasn't aware you could increase any size of the brain. Certainly didn't learn that in psy101. Peace.sarahThe location and arrangement of the arteries supplying the hippocampus make it particularly vulnerable to injusarahSarah, I suppose you're creative! I see by your questions that you're studying to be a nurse. The problem is that one day, assuming you graduate and pass the boards, you're going to have real patien...UnprettyPassionWhen was the common seahorse (Hippocampus kuda) put on the endangered species list?UnprettyPassionThe common or spotted seahorse is not on the US Fish and Wildlife Service's endangered or threatened list. It was, however added to the World Conservation Union's IUCN Red List of Threatened species ...Rooster/BlasterWhat does the part of the brain called the Hippocampus serve as?Rooster/Blasterdeclarative memory, aka facts for the most part. it also plays a role in working memory. it integrates information from the sensory areas of the brain, processes it, then sends it back out. peop...sarahHow would memory be affected if the hippocampus suffered deterioration?sarahIn humans disease of the hipoccampus which tend to destroy the neurones cause striking defects in recent memory. But 'non declarative' memory is unaffected. What I mean by nondeclarative memory incl...
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