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This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter. For the uses of gases, and other meanings, see Gas (disambiguation).

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Wikipedia About Gases

This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter. For the uses of gases, and other meanings, see Gas (disambiguation).

In physics, a gas is a state of matter, consisting of a collection of particles (molecules, atoms, ions, electrons, etc.) without a definite shape or volume that are in more or less random motion.

Physical characteristics

Due to the electronic nature of the aforementioned particles, a "force field" is present throughout the space around them. Interactions between these "force fields" from one particle to the next give rise to the term intermolecular forces. Dependent on distance, these intermolecular forces influence the motion of these particles and hence their thermodynamic properties. At the temperatures and pressures characteristic of many applications, these particles are normally greatly separated. This separation corresponds to a very weak attractive force. As a result, for many applications, this intermolecular force becomes negligible.

A gas also exhibits the following characteristics:

  • Relatively low density and viscosity compared to the solid and liquid states of matter.
  • Will expand and contract greatly with changes in temperature or pressure, thus the term "compressible".
  • Will diffuse readily, spreading apart in order to homogeneously distribute itself throughout any container.

Macroscopic

When analyzing a system, it is typical to specify a length scale. A larger length scale may correspond to a macroscopic view of the system, while a smaller length scale corresponds to a microscopic view.

On a macroscopic scale, the quantities measured are in terms of the large scale effects that a gas has on a system or its surroundings such as its velocity, pressure, or temperature. Mathematical equations, such as the Extended hydrodynamic equations, Navier-Stokes equations and the Euler equations have been developed to attempt to model the relations of the pressure, density, temperature, and velocity of a moving gas.

Pressure

main: Pressure

The pressure exerted by a gas uniformly across the surface of a container can be described by simple kinetic theory. The particles of a gas are constantly moving in random directions and frequently collide with the walls of the container and/or each other. These particles all exhibit the physical properties of mass, momentum, and energy, which all must be conserved. In classical mechanics, Momentum, by definition, is the product of mass and velocity. Kinetic energy is one half the mass multiplied by the square of the velocity.

The sum of all the normal components of force exerted by the particles impacting the walls of the container divided by the area of the wall is defined to be the pressure. The pressure can then be said to be the average linear momentum of these moving particles. A common misconception is that the collisions of the molecules with each other is essential to explain gas pressure, but in fact their random velocities are sufficient to define this quantity.

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News about Gases

House gives Kulongoski a victory on greenhouse gases

The OregonianA bill aimed at reducing emissions from cars and trucks narrowly passeshttp://www.oregonlive.com/news/index.ssf/2009/05/house_gives...

White House’s Emanuel, Browner Talk Climate With CEOs

Bloomberg via Yahoo! NewsMay 8 (Bloomberg) -- White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel and top climate adviser Carol Browner met today with executives from companies including Duke Energy Corp., ConocoPhillips and Caterpillar Inc. who are pushing for business-friendly rules to cap greenhouse gases, officials said.http://news.yahoo.com/s/bloomberg/20090508/pl_bloomberg/a5cq...

Endangered Species Act Cannot be Used in Global Warming Response

Environmental News NetworkThe Obama administration said Friday that it would retain a wildlife rule issued in the last days of the Bush administration that says the government cannot invoke the Endangered Species Act to restrict emissions of greenhouse gases threatening the polar bear and its habitat.http://www.enn.com/wildlife/article/39879

U.S. submits first plan for new U.N. climate treaty

Environmental News NetworkThe United States said Tuesday it would be committed to joining the world on a climate treaty with "robust targets and ambitious actions" against heat-trapping greenhouse gases.http://www.enn.com/climate/article/39859

Obama won’t fight for bears

The Nashua TelegraphWASHINGTON – The Obama administration, which promised a sharp break from the Bush White House on global warming, declared Friday it would stick with a Bush-era policy against expanding protection for climate-threatened polar bears and ruled out a broad new attack on greenhouse gases. ... - By H. JOSEF HEBERT The Associated Presshttp://www.nashuatelegraph.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20...

News about Gases

2009 Subaru Forester - Heels on Wheels Review

The Auto ChanelThe Green Concern: The EPA's Green Vehicle Guide gives the Forester a 9.5 out of 10 for reducing air pollution and a 6 out of 10 for greenhouse gases. (You have to take into account the EPA estimates everything, from the car's lifetime for using ... http://www.theautochannel.com/F/news/2009/05/10/460459.html

U.S. Curbs Use of Species Act in Protecting Polar Bear

New York TimesThe Obama administration said Friday that it would retain a wildlife rule issued in the last days of the Bush administration that says the government cannot invoke the Endangered Species Act to restrict emissions of greenhouse gases threatening the ... http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/09/science/earth/09bear.html?...

UPDATE 1-Linde Q1 op profit down 10.6 pct, speeds cost cuts

ReutersFRANKFURT, May 5 (Reuters) - Industrial gases maker Linde ( LING.DE ) reported a 10.6 percent decline in first-quarter operating profit as steel and chemical plants cut their output and manufacturing customers delayed projects to build factories. It ... http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssIndustryMaterialsUtilitie...

Webcast Alert: First Quarter 2009 Earnings Conference Call (Genesis ...

MSN MoneyCentralThe Industrial Gases Division produces and supplies industrial gases such as carbon dioxide and syngas. Genesis’ operations are primarily located in Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. Genesis ... http://news.moneycentral.msn.com/provider/providerarticle.as...

Temp: 52°F

Hays Daily NewsHe cited their potential carbon dioxide emissions and said the state couldn't ignore the dangers posed by global warming, which many scientists link to such greenhouse gases. Sebelius embraced the decision; some Republicans suspect she engineered it ... http://www.hdnews.net/wirestories/k1010-BC-KS-Focus-CoalFigh...

Search results for Gases

Chemical Elements.com - Noble Gases

An up-to-date periodic table with detailed but easy to understand informationhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/noblegases.html

Greenhouse Gas Emissions | Climate Change | U.S. EPA

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are often called greenhouse gases. Some greenhouse gases occur naturally and are emitted to the atmosphere through natural processes and ... http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/index.html

NCDC: Greenhouse Gases

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Greenhouse Gases Frequently Asked Questionshttp://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/gases.html

gases - definition of gases in the Medical dictionary - by the Free ...

gas (gas) any elastic aeriform fluid in which the molecules are separated from one another and so have free paths.gas´eous. alveolar gas the gas in the alveoli of the lungs, where ... http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gases

Gases

Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen. The explanation of the puzzling changes in weight during combustion was to be found, of course, in the gases that appeared or disappeared while the ... http://www.3rd1000.com/history/gases.htm

Wikipedia results for Gases

Gas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For gases, the density can vary over a wide range because the molecules are free to move. Macroscopically, density is a state variable of a gas and the change in density during any ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas

Noble gas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The noble gases are a group of chemical elements with very similar properties: under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases, with a very low ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gases

Greenhouse gas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Greenhouse gases are gases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. [1]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas

Volcanic gas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Volcanic gases include a variety of substances given off by active (or, at times, by dormant) volcanoes. These include gases trapped in cavities in volcanic rocks, dissolved or ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_gases

Inert gas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An inert gas is any gas that is not reactive with elements. Like the noble gases an inert gas is not necessarily elemental and are often compound gases.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inert_gases
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How the Body Works: The Exchange of GasesAs air is breathed into the lungs, exchange of gases takes place at the highly folded, moist surface of air sacs. These are richly supplied with blood capillaries, which take up...Flash - Video

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Headzup: Blackwater Gases U.S. TroopsDick Cheney is asked about the mercenary firm Blackwater using CS gas on U.S. troops and Iraqi civilians. Enjoy more Headzup at www.headzup.tvWindows Media - Video

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CHINA / ENVIRONMENT: Impact of climate-changing gasesAt a major Communist Party meeting last week, China's leaders debated what to do about the gap between the ever more prosperous cities and the impoverished countryside. They're...MPEG 4 - Video

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FUELLESS HEATER NO FUEL NO GAS NO WOOD NO GREEN HOUSE GASESfrom the webmaster Although the device is efficient, in most all water heating applications it is difficult to economically justify a device. The company has moved towards the...Flash - Video

Putin: Die Zeit des billigen Gases ...

Putin: Die Zeit des billigen Gases ist vorbeiIn Moskau haben 14 Gas exportierende Länder ein Bündnis nach dem Vorbild der OPEC geschlossen. Preisabsprachen seien in dem vom Pipeline-Transport dominierten Gasgeschäft aber...Flash - Video

Answers for Gases

jjWhat is true about gases when the temperature increases?jj1) 4 2) 1johnny sWhat gases are produced when hydrogen peroxide and the liver containing the enzyme catalase mix? what is left?johnny si did a lab on this a couple days ago....the gas produced is definetly oxygen. what is left is i guess is water because hydrogen peroxide is like water only it has an extra oxygen and if that extra ox...worldthoughtsHow do greenhouse gases work, quantum mechanically speaking? How do they block infrared radiation?worldthoughtsThe idea is simple. Every molecule is made up of atoms and these atoms can vibrate within that molecule (think of them like balls on springs). If they can vibrate at a frequency that corresponds to ...OliverWhat are the three most abundant gases that are given off during an eruption?OliverYou might be surprized, but the most common gas is good old H2O. Water can be as high as 5% of some magmas, and is commonly around 1%. CO2, Cl, H2S are also common. The gases can cause clouds, li...bvshah1How do you create certain types of gases?bvshah1Oh, THOSE gases...I thought you would just eat different foods...
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