The word freeway first surfaced in the mid-1930s in proposals for the improvement of the New York City parkway network. It is currently in regular use in the United States as well as parts of South Africa, Canada, and Australia.
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The word freeway first surfaced in the mid-1930s in proposals for the improvement of the New York City parkway network. It is currently in regular use in the United States as well as parts of South Africa, Canada, and Australia.
In the United States, the term freeway is frequently used. In some regions of the U.S., other terms are also used, including Interstate, thruway, highway, expressway, and turnpike. While some people use these terms interchangeably, turnpikes and thruways have specific associations with toll roads and other limited access highways, such as the New Jersey Turnpike, Pennsylvania Turnpike, West Virginia Turnpike, Florida's Turnpike, and New York State Thruway; consequently, the term freeway is often used in contrast to refer only to a toll-free roadAmerican Heritage Dictionary online at bartleby.com. as opposed to its original meaning – in which the component "free" implies freedom from traffic interference rather than "at no cost" – still used in other countries and in parts of the U.S.
General characteristics
The crossing of freeways by other routes is typically achieved with grade separation either in the form of underpasses or overpasses. In addition to sidewalks (footpaths) attached to roads that cross a freeway, specialized pedestrian footbridges or tunnels may also be provided. These structures enable pedestrians and cyclists to cross the freeway at that point without a detour to the nearest road crossing.
Access to freeways is typically provided only at grade-separated interchanges, though lower-standard right-in/right-out access can be used for direct connections to side roads. In many cases, sophisticated interchanges allow for smooth, uninterrupted transitions between intersecting freeways and busy arterial roads. However, sometimes it is necessary to exit onto a surface road to transfer from one freeway to another. An example of this would be Interstate 70 in the town of Breezewood, Pennsylvania.
In the United States, mileposts start at the southern or westernmost point on the freeway (either its terminus or the state line). California, Ohio, and Nevada uses a postmile system where markers indicate mileage through the state's individual counties; however, Nevada, Ohio, and much of the Kern County portion of California State Route 58 also use the standard milepost system concurrently with their respective postmile systems on freeways only.
