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Fortifications are military constructions and buildings designed for defense in warfare and military bases. Humans have constructed defensive works for many thousands of years, in a variety of increasingly complex designs. The term is derived from the Latin fortis ("strong") and facere ("to make").

Castillo%20de%20San%20Marcos%20Fort%20Panorama%201.jpg

Nomenclature

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Wikipedia About Fortress

Fortifications are military constructions and buildings designed for defense in warfare and military bases. Humans have constructed defensive works for many thousands of years, in a variety of increasingly complex designs. The term is derived from the Latin fortis ("strong") and facere ("to make").

Castillo%20de%20San%20Marcos%20Fort%20Panorama%201.jpg

Nomenclature

Many military installations are known as forts, although they are not always fortified. Larger forts may class as fortresses, smaller ones formerly often bore the name of fortalices. The word fortification can also refer to the practice of improving an area's defense with defensive works. City walls are fortifications but not necessarily called fortresses.

The art of setting out a military camp or constructing a fortification traditionally classifies as castrametation, since the time of the Roman legions. The art/science of laying siege to a fortification and of destroying it has the popular name of siegecraft or 'siege warfare' and the formal name of poliorcetics. In some texts this latter term also applies to the art of building a fortification.

Fortification is usually divided into two branches, namely permanent fortification and field fortification. Permanent fortifications are erected at leisure, with all the resources that a state can supply of constructive and mechanical skill, and are built of enduring materials. Field fortifications are extemporized by troops in the field, perhaps assisted by such local labor and tools as may be procurable and with materials that do not require much preparation, such as earth, brushwood and light timber, or sandbags (see sangar). There is also an intermediate branch known as semipermanent fortification. This is employed when in the course of a campaign it becomes desirable to protect some locality with the best imitation of permanent defences that can be made in a short time, ample resources and skilled civilian labor being available.

Castles are fortifications which are regarded as being distinct from the generic fort or fortress in that it describes a residence of a monarch or noble and commands a specific defensive territory.

Ancient

From very early history to modern times, walls have been a near necessity for every city. Uruk in ancient Sumer (Mesopotamia) is one of the world's oldest known walled cities. Before that, the city (or rather proto-city) of Jericho in what is now the West Bank had a wall surrounding it as early as the 8th millennium BC.

The Assyrians deployed large labour forces to build new palaces, temples and defensive walls.
Some settlements in the Indus Valley Civilization were also fortified. By about 3500 B.C., hundreds of small farming villages dotted the Indus floodplain. Many of these settlements had fortifications and planned streets. The stone and mud brick houses of Kot Diji were clustered behind massive stone flood dykes and defensive walls, for neighboring communities quarreled constantly about the control of prime agricultural land. Mundigak (c. 2500 B.C.) in present day south-east Afghanistan has defensive walls and square bastions of sun dried bricks.

Aurelian%20walls.jpg

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Fortress Game, a Sports Game from AddictingGames: It's a fun game of throwing rocks and shoes at your neighbor. Special attacks include the Duck Throw and the Weiner Dogwww.addictinggames.com/fortressgame.html

The Fortress Language Specification

For performance, Fortress supports state-of-the-art compiler optimization ... For program reuse, Fortress has ... and semantics, Fortress supports modular and ...research.sun.com/projects/plrg/fortress0618.pdf

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News about Fortress

Today in history

The Indianapolis StarOn this date: In 1774, Louis XVI acceded to the throne of France. In 1775, Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys, along with Col. Bene-dict Arnold, captured the British-held fortress at Ticonderoga, N.Y.http://www.indystar.com/article/20090510/LIVING/905100315/10...

Earnings roundup: Fortress Investment Group, PG&E

AP via Yahoo! FinanceAlternative asset manager Fortress Investment Group LLC said that its first-quarter loss widened on $35 million of investment losses and charge for a balance sheet impairment.http://biz.yahoo.com/ap/090506/us_earns_roundup_fortress_inv...

Fortress Investment 1Q loss widens

AP via Yahoo! FinanceAlternative asset manager Fortress Investment Group LLC said Wednesday that its first-quarter loss widened on $35 million of investment losses and charge for a balance sheet impairment.http://biz.yahoo.com/ap/090506/us_earns_fortress_investment....

Migrant warns Africans off ‘misery’ Europe

Times OnlineAN African in Paris is appealing to his countrymen to stay at home rather than risk their lives attempting to break into “fortress Europe”, where, he says, they will be miserable.http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article62...

Fortress Reports Loss, Lower Assets

Fox NewsFortress Reports Loss, Lower Assetshttp://feeds.foxbusiness.com/~r/foxbusiness/latest/~3/vQFuHr...

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Fortress Investment 1Q loss widens

ForbesAlternative asset manager Fortress Investment Group LLC said Wednesday that its first-quarter loss widened on $35 million of investment losses and charge for a balance sheet impairment. However, its adjusted results came in better-than-expected, and ... http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2009/05/06/ap6386229.html

Blackstone, Fortress To Report Mornings Wednesday

ForbesInvestors will be looking to economic data on Tuesday to back up Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke's claims that economic growth could begin later this year. Retail sales are due out as well as business inventory figures. Stocks were mostly flat ... http://www.forbes.com/2009/05/05/stocks-retail-jobless-claim...

Fortress Investment Tops Street (Update)

Street.ComUpdated from 10:59 a.m. More on FIG M&A Outlook Muted as PE Firms Eye Debt 'Fast Money' Recap: Does Disney Bode Well for the Market? Glaxo Close To Stiefel Buy: Report Starwood Sues Hilton Over Luxury Chain Cramer: The Bank's Magic Number? Financial ... http://www.thestreet.com/story/10497128/1/fortress-investmen...

Fortress Investment Group posts 1st-qtr loss

CNN MoneyNEW YORK (Reuters) - Fortress Investment Group LLC , a private equity and hedge fund firm, reported a first-quarter loss on Wednesday as a decline in assets under management led to sharply lower fee revenue. New York-based Fortress reported a net ... http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/reuters/MTFH420...

FORTRESS EUROPE?

Der SpiegelA Catholic bishop gives communion to Iraqi Christians at a church in Baghdad: "People are getting more and more desperate." Bassam persevered for five years, believing that he could live with the daily violence, the car bombs, the roadside bombs and ... http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,561674,00.h...

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Fortress Anchors - The World's Best Anchors!

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fortress definition | Dictionary.com

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SourceGear Fortress - Seamlessly-Integrated Version Control and Bug ...

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Fortress Stabilization: carbon fiber kevlar technologies used in ...

Manufacturer of carbon fiber-kevlar lamination technologies used in concrete repair and reinforcement and other residential and commercial construction applicationshttp://www.fortressstabilization.com/

Augsburg Fortress

Augsburg Fortress is the Publishing House of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. We are the ELCA's Ministry of Publishing, offering Fundraising for Your Ministry, Church ... http://www.augsburgfortress.org/

Wikipedia results for Fortress

Fortification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Castles are fortifications which are regarded as being distinct from the generic fort or fortress in that it describes a residence of a monarch or noble and commands a specific ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress

Fortress (programming language) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fortress is a draft specification for a programming language, initially developed by Sun Microsystems as part of a DARPA-funded supercomputing initiative.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_programming_language

Fortress (1993 film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fortress is a 1993 film directed by Stuart Gordon shot at Warner Brothers Movie World in Queensland, Australia.. The story takes place in a dystopian future.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_%281993_film%29

Fortress of Solitude - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Fortress of Solitude is the occasional headquarters of Superman in DC Comics. [1] Its predecessor, Superman's "Secret Citadel", first appeared in Superman #17, where it was ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fortress_of_Solitude

Fortress (Protest the Hero album) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fortress is the sophomore studio album by Canadian band Protest the Hero that was released on January 29, 2008 on Vagrant Records in the US and Underground Operations in Canada.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_%28Protest_the_Hero_al...
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‘Fortress London’ ramps up G20 ...

‘Fortress London’ ramps up G20 securityMarch 31: One of the biggest security operations in Britain’s history was well underway in London on Tuesday, as 3,000 police officers braced for an unknown number of protesters...Windows Media - Video

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Team Fortress 2 - Characters

Team Fortress 2 - CharactersGame play and characters of "Team Fortress 2".Flash - Video

Answers for Fortress

coryxupyHow do you build a Underground fortress the best?coryxupyYou should talk the Viet Cong that built the tunnels of Cu Chi, the Austrian bunker dude that kept hot chicks n stuff underground, and the Taliban molemen that constructed Tora Bora. In addition to t...WhatHappenedHereWhat is the right way to use Body Fortress Creatine?WhatHappenedHereDont worry its not 48g of pure creatine, its got fruit punch flavoring and some other stuff in it, on the nutritional facts it shows one scoop has like 6g creatine 2 gs Nitro blend and 1g Xtreme blend...Dave WWhat is the difference between a fort and a fortress?Dave WFort: is from Latin Fortis meaning 'strong. It is a bulding ( / buildings) built in order to defend an area against attack. Fortress is from Old French Fortresse / fotrlesse meaning, 'a ...Kevin EWhat cheap video card works with team fortress 2?Kevin EPhone around different shops and ask them what their prices are and if the card is compatible with team fortress 2. Then buy the one that is the cheapest.juventusfanHow do I fix this problem with team fortress 2?juventusfanHmm never had that problem before, I would just say to un-install and re-install the game from steam. Oh and if you play Garrys mod 11, Counter Strike: Source, Or Left 4 Dead. Hit me up on X-Fire I wo...
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