[x]
Create

Here is what users have to say about Cytokine

useravatar
Entry added by CWAnswers Join us and contribute your knowledge as well.
Comment
Share this
Share with a friend: cytokine
Your name
Your email
Recipient Email

Cytokines (Greek cyto-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are a category of signaling molecules that are used extensively in cellular communication. They are proteins, peptides, or glycoproteins. The term cytokine encompasses a large and diverse family of polypeptide regulators that are produced widely throughout the body by cells of diverse embryological origin.

Welcome to CWAnswers

CWAnswers is your guide to the sprawling world wide web. The directory aims to provide a useful guide made by users. You can share your knowledge as well - simply sign up and edit your first entry. For questions just contact the team at support - at - cwanswers.com.

Weblinks for Cytokine

Top 10 for Cytokine

Things about Cytokine you find nowhere else.

Select content modules

Comments about Cytokine

Please leave your comment using the comment button above the article
Share with a friend: cytokine
Your name
Your email
Recipient Email

Images found for Cytokine

Cytokine 1Cytokine 2Cytokine 3
Cytokine 4Cytokine 5Cytokine 6
Cytokine 7Cytokine 8Cytokine 9

Wikipedia About Cytokine

Cytokines (Greek cyto-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are a category of signaling molecules that are used extensively in cellular communication. They are proteins, peptides, or glycoproteins. The term cytokine encompasses a large and diverse family of polypeptide regulators that are produced widely throughout the body by cells of diverse embryological origin.

Historically, the term "cytokine" has been used to refer to the immunomodulating agents (interleukins, interferons, etc.). Conflicting data exists about what is termed a cytokine and what is termed a hormone. Anatomic and structural distinctions between cytokines and classic hormones are fading as we learn more about each. Classic protein hormones circulate in nanomolar (10sup: -9) concentrations that usually vary by less than one order of magnitude. In contrast, some cytokines (such as IL-6) circulate in picomolar (10sup: -12) concentrations that can increase up to 1,000-fold during trauma or infection. The widespread distribution of cellular sources for cytokines may be a feature that differentiates them from hormones. Virtually all nucleated cells, but especially endo/epithelial cells and resident macrophages (many near the interface with the external environment) are potent producers of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. In contrast, classic hormones, such as insulin, are secreted from discrete glands (e.g., the pancreas). As of 2008, the current terminology refers to cytokines as immunomodulating agents. However, more research is needed in this area of defining cytokines and hormones.

The action of cytokines may be autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine. Cytokines are critical to the development and functioning of both the innate and adaptive immune response, although not limited to just the immune system. They are often secreted by immune cells that have encountered a pathogen, thereby activating and recruiting further immune cells to increase the system's response to the pathogen. Cytokines are also involved in several developmental processes during embryogenesis.

Effects

Each cytokine has a matching cell-surface receptor. Subsequent cascades of intracellular signalling then alter cell functions. This may include the upregulation and/or downregulation of several genes and their transcription factors, resulting in the production of other cytokines, an increase in the number of surface receptors for other molecules, or the suppression of their own effect by feedback inhibition.

The effect of a particular cytokine on a given cell depends on the cytokine, its extracellular abundance, the presence and abundance of the complementary receptor on the cell surface, and downstream signals activated by receptor binding; these last two factors can vary by cell type. Cytokines are characterized by considerable "redundancy", in that many cytokines appear to share similar functions.

Generalization of functions is not possible with cytokines. Nonetheless, their actions may be grouped as:

Images found for Cytokine

Cytokine 1Cytokine 2Cytokine 3
Cytokine 4Cytokine 5Cytokine 6
Cytokine 7Cytokine 8Cytokine 9

News about Cytokine

Virologists Developing More Potent Vaccine Technology That Could Apply To Many Viruses

Science DailyVirologists are developing cell culture-based vaccine technology that is more rapid than the egg-based growth system presently used to create vaccines. The technology involves introducing membrane-bound immune-system stimulatory molecules such as cytokines into cells in such a way that the virus will incorporate them as part of its envelope.http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090504141836.ht...

H1N1 flu may induce a 'cytokine storm'

UPISARANAC LAKE, N.Y., May 6 (UPI) -- The H1N1 flu may be dangerous for healthy, young adults because it contains genetic components of the H5N1 avian influenza virus, U.S. researchers say.http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2009/05/06/H1N1-flu-may-induc...

Other Illness May Precede Worst Cases of Swine Flu

The Hendersonville Times-NewsThe World Health Organization said Friday that 2,384 people in 24 countries now had confirmed cases of swine flu.http://www.blueridgenow.com/article/20090509/znyt04/90509300...

Recalling the 1918 flu pandemic

Minnesota Public RadioWhile researchers work to understand the current H1N1 flu outbreak, they have one eye on the deadly flu of 1918. That's still the influenza pandemic against which all others are measured. The virus killed tens of millions of people worldwide and tens of thousands in our region.http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2009/05/07/1918...

Swine flu more dangerous for young adults with strong immune systems

New KeralaWashington, May 6 : Scientists are suggesting that the swine flu virus may be more dangerous for healthy young adults because it likely kills its victims by inducing a 'cytokine storm', in which a patient's hyper-activated immune system causes potentially fatal damage to the lungs.http://www.newkerala.com/nkfullnews-1-33703.html

News about Cytokine

What scientists know about swine flu

BBC HealthIn some more pathogenic viruses, it is this NS1 protein which initiates a "cytokine storm", a particularly severe immune reaction that can be fatal in even healthy young people. Predictions Scientists have also played down concerns that the milder ... http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8028371.stm

Swine flu Q&A: pandemic explained

Times OnlinePreliminary analysis suggests that it infects the upper part of the airway, which is generally a hallmark of less virulent viruses. It also appears to lack a protein that is involved in triggering extreme immune system responses known as cytokine ... http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/artic...

Tear Research Focused On Contact Lens Risks, Benefit

Medical News TodayStudy tears must be non-stimulated since cytokine levels are skewed by stimulated or emotional tears. The research also is helping to narrow down the cytokine markers important to eye-disease prevention and treatment, Kehinde said. "We may be able to ... http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/149122.php

Japan health chief told to prep for worst

United Press InternationalU.S. pork industry hurt by swine flu label Flu-stranded travelers return home China releases quarantined Canadians early Confirmed H1N1 cases top 1,500 worldwide H1N1 flu may induce a 'cytokine storm' CDC: Know the H1N1 flu symptoms TOKYO, May 6 (UPI ... http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/05/06/Japan-health-chief-to...

Mutant fears over 'mild flu'

Times OnlineMany are thought to have suffered “cytokine storms” – massive overreactions of the immune systems. An estimated 50m people worldwide died. Remember, however, that mortality rates may have been high because living conditions and medical ... http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/artic...

Search results for Cytokine

Cytokine Institute

GENOMICS ARTICLE: Identification of human cell responses to benzene and benzene metabolites. (PDF) RECENT RESEARCH: Identification of Human Cell Responses to Hexavalent Chromium.http://www.cytokineinstitute.com/

cytokine - definition of cytokine in the Medical dictionary - by the ...

cytokine /cy·to·kine/ (si´to-kīn″) a generic term for nonantibody proteins released by one cell population on contact with specific antigen, which act as intercellular ... http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cytokine

Cytokine definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular ...

Online Medical Dictionary and glossary with medical definitionshttp://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11937

cytokine - definition of cytokine by the Free Online Dictionary ...

cy·to·kine (s t-k n) n. Any of several regulatory proteins, such as the interleukins and lymphokines, that are released by cells of the immune system and act as intercellular ... http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cytokine

ScienceDirect - Cytokine, Volume 46, Issue 2, Pages 147-296 (May 2009)

ScienceDirect - the world's leading platform offers over 2,000 high quality peer-reviewed full-text journals and books on science, technology and medicine.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10434666

Wikipedia results for Cytokine

Cytokine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cytokines (Greek cyto-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are a category of signaling molecules that are used extensively in cellular communication. They are proteins, peptides or ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine

Cytokine receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A Cytokine receptor is a receptor which binds cytokines. In recent years, the cytokine receptors have come to demand the attention of more investigators than cytokines themselves ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine_receptor

Cytokine storm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A cytokine storm, or hypercytokinemia is a potentially fatal immune reaction consisting of a positive feedback loop between cytokines and immune cells, with highly elevated levels ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine_storm

Cytokine release syndrome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cytokine release syndrome is a common immediate complication occurring with the use of anti-T cell antibody infusions such as ATG, OKT3 and TGN1412.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine_release_syndrome

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, also known as SOCS1, is a human gene. This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppressor_of_cytokine_signalin...
  • Recent
  • Mine
  • Watched
  • Commented
You must be logged in to perform this operation
You must be logged in to perform this operation

Search this site

Videos found for Cytokine

Macrophage Cytokine Release

Macrophage Cytokine ReleaseThis 3D medical animation shows a macrophage ingesting bacteria. The macrophage then releases cytokines, chemicals that attract other leukocytes to the infected area. Nucleus...Flash - Video

Fully automated multi-analytical me...

Fully automated multi-analytical measurement of circulating cytokines and cytokine related markers o...Fully automated multi-analytical measurement of circulating cytokines and cytokine related markers on evidence biochip arrays. Autor: Dr. L. RobinsonFlash - Video

[CYTOKINE] Wonderful Heaven

[CYTOKINE] Wonderful HeavenHigh Quality: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAQAmat56UU&fmt=18 Arrange: 隣人 Source: 有頂天変 ~ Wonderful Heaven (Scarlet Weather Rhapsody) Album: REINE OKTAVE Event:...Flash - Video

Cytokine - World's End

Cytokine - World's EndFor High Quality http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLikCNFtpW4&fmt=18 Circle: Cytokine Album: PM ± 世界の果て ~ World's End - 東方怪綺談 ~ Mystic Square To be honest i...Flash - Video

Faith is for the Transient People /...

Faith is for the Transient People // Sanae's Theme by CYTOKINE**Click this link to watch in high quality!** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3x-zTHGSX8&fmt=18 This is a nice jazz rendition of Sanae's theme by CYTOKINE, taken from their...Flash - Video

Answers for Cytokine

JohnnyWhat is the relationship between between aids and cytokine storms?Johnnycytokine storms are caused by a an over reaction of the immune system AIDs on the other hand are caused by HIV a Virus that attacks the immune system AIDS kills slowly while Cytokine storms are...haggobtiHow to preserve blood and/or serum for future checking of cytokine and/or the level of varoius protiens?haggobtiIn our lab we draw the blood then spin it all down and separate it out, Plasma in on cryotube, buffies (wbc) in another, and RBCs in the last. All are then frozen at -80 until we need them. I have d...julia nHow long does it take for researchers to find out if the new H1N1 Influenza causes cytokine storms?julia nPeter GriffinWhat does a major/massive cytokine cascade do to a human? would immunosuppressive drugs stop it?Peter GriffinA massive ctyokin cascade is termed a cytokin storm which is often fatal. I think its treated with corticosteroids like prednisone. Immunosupressive drugs typically do not elicit a quick enough resp...JahrwhHow can I improve my ELISA results for the cytokine m-IL12p70?JahrwhNot sure if I understand your experiment correctly, but I make some assumptions. If you're using m-IL 12p70 as your antigen, perhaps your antibody affinity is low. And if you're immunizing somethin...
Contact Us[X]
Your name
Email
Subject
Your comment
[X]