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Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, blue-green bacteria or Cyanophyta, is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. The name "cyanobacteria" comes from the color of the bacteria ( ) = blue). They are a significant component of the marine nitrogen cycle and an important primary producer in many areas of the ocean, but are also found in habitats other than the marine environment; in particular cyanobacteria are known to occur in both freshwater, hypersaline inland lakes and in arid areas where they are a major component of biological soil crusts.

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Wikipedia About Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, blue-green bacteria or Cyanophyta, is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. The name "cyanobacteria" comes from the color of the bacteria ( ) = blue). They are a significant component of the marine nitrogen cycle and an important primary producer in many areas of the ocean, but are also found in habitats other than the marine environment; in particular cyanobacteria are known to occur in both freshwater, hypersaline inland lakes and in arid areas where they are a major component of biological soil crusts.

Stromatolites of fossilized oxygen-producing cyanobacteria have been found from 2.8 billion years ago. The ability of cyanobacteria to perform oxygenic photosynthesis is thought to have converted the early reducing atmosphere into an oxidizing one, which dramatically changed the composition of life forms on Earth by provoking an explosion of biodiversity and leading to the near-extinction of oxygen-intolerant organisms. Chloroplasts in plants and eukaryotic algae have evolved from cyanobacteria via endosymbiosis.

Forms

Cyanobacteria are found in almost every conceivable environment, from oceans to fresh water to bare rock to soil. They can occur as planktonic cells or form phototrophic biofilms in fresh water and marine environments, they occur in damp soil, or even temporarily moistened rocks in deserts. A few are endosymbionts in lichens, plants, various protists, or sponges and provide energy for the host. Some live in the fur of sloths, providing a form of camouflage.

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Many cyanobacteria also form motile filaments, called hormogonia, that travel away from the main biomass to bud and form new colonies elsewhere. The cells in a hormogonium are often thinner than in the vegetative state, and the cells on either end of the motile chain may be tapered. In order to break away from the parent colony, a hormogonium often must tear apart a weaker cell in a filament, called a necridium.

Each individual cell of a cyanobacterium typically has a thick, gelatinous cell wall. They differ from other gram-negative bacteria in that the quorum sensing molecules autoinducer-2 and acyl-homoserine lactones are absent. They lack flagella, but hormogonia and some unicellular species may move about by gliding along surfaces. In water columns some cyanobacteria float by forming gas vesicles, like in archaea.

Some of these organisms contribute significantly to global ecology and the oxygen cycle. The tiny marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus was discovered in 1986 and accounts for more than half of the photosynthesis of the open ocean. Many cyanobacteria even display the circadian rhythms that were once thought to exist only in eukaryotic cells (see bacterial circadian rhythms).

Search results for Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria

Though cyanobacteria do not have a great diversity of form, and though they are ... The autotrophic cyanobacteria were once classified as "blue green algae" because ...www.fiu.edu/~goldberg/coralreefs/Cyanobacteria.htm

Cyanobacteria

KINGDOM MONERA: The Cyanobacteria ... Because motile species of cyanobacteria utilize the same mysterious gliding ... truly prokaryotic, cyanobacteria have an ...fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/cyano.html

WHOI : Oceanus : Little Things Matter A Lot

BARBELL BACTERIUM—Cyanobacteria have mechanisms that allow two antagonistic ... The cyanobacteria have specialized dinitrogen-fixing cells that provide nitrogen ...www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=3808

The Skeptical Aquarist

Some cyanobacteria exist as unicellular forms, some of which are free-floating, ... Cyanobacteria preceded the first algal cell by hundreds of millions of years. ...www.skepticalaquarist.com/docs/algae/cyano.shtml

Cyanobacteria

Heavy rains allow desiccated Cyanobacteria to revive. ... Cyanobacteria have recently found in the most barren area of Antarctica where no ...www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/Cyanobacteria/Cyan...

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News about Cyanobacteria

Algae power

Baltimore SunCompany banking on algae energy breakthrough Imagine having a virtually limitless supply of clean, renewable fuel to run our cars and trucks, a fuel produced from something as noxious and seemingly useless as pond scum. Researchers in a Baltimore lab are working to make that fantasy into a reality.http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/local/bay_environment/bal-t...

Baltimore lab seeks fuel in pond scum

Baltimore SunCompany banking on algae energy breakthrough I magine having a virtually limitless supply of clean, renewable fuel to run our cars and trucks, a fuel produced from something as noxious and seemingly useless as pond scum.http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/local/bal-te.md.algae08may0...

Regional partnership to develop algal biofuels gets backing of San Diego leaders

UC NewsroomResearch and development effort will create jobs, boost local economy.http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/21057

New website will allow anyone to follow Lake Agawam water quality

The Southampton Press & The East Hampton PressThe Lake Agawam Conservation Association launched a new website this week that will offer constant updates on the progress of the ailing lake in the heart of Southampton Village and raise awareness of initiatives undertaken to improve its water quality.http://www.27east.com/story_detail.cfm?id=207391&town=Southa...

When nickel's fall gave birth to life

Deccan HeraldTrace metals in the sea turned the course of the earth's history. A nickel starvation that occurred billions of years ago gave rise to the dominance of oxygen, says S Ananthanarayananhttp://www.deccanherald.com/Content/May52009/snt200905041342...

News about Cyanobacteria

10 ways global warming could make us sicker

Buffalo NewsCyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, thrive and bloom in the rising temperatures of bodies of water, from municipal water systems to the Great Lakes and Florida’s Lake Okeechobee. The algae have been linked to digestive, neurological, liver, and ... http://www.buffalonews.com/185/story/476398.html

Specter visits Penn State Hershey

Penn State LiveThe researchers plan to look at dead cyanobacteria -- blue green algae -- next to see if their organic material will fuel the thermal reaction to produce anomalous sulfur isotope relationships. The NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Exobiology Program ... http://live.psu.edu/story/39167

The Life That Escaped Darwin’s Notice

Science DailyCyanobacteria (formerly called blue-green algae) live on the very top. The oxygen-free lower regions are populated by other micro-organisms such as those that consume methane and sulfate ions, living together in symbiosis. They metabolize either by ... http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090418084432.ht...

Engineering God in a Petri Dish

Wired NewsAfter all, blue-green algae (aka cyanobacteria) are the first known organism on Earth, evolutionarily more primitive than mammals or even slime molds. At the other end of the tree, the fruit fly sits on the same phylogenetic branch as man. Without ... http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2004/09/65066

Scientists Give a Hand(edness) to the Search for Alien Life

PhysOrgTheir device has already proved itself able to discern the polarized light scattered from the chlorophyll in leaves and also cyanobacteria (below), one-celled organisms that evolved early in the history of life on Earth. Credit (top image ... http://www.physorg.com/news159640612.html

Search results for Cyanobacteria

Fossil Record of the Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria: Fossil Record. The cyanobacteria have an extensive fossil record. The oldest known fossils, in fact, are cyanobacteria from Archaean rocks of western Australia ... http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanofr.html

Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria from The Microbiology Video Library. ... Cyanobacteria. The Cyanobacteria are one of several major groupings of bacteria:http://www.microbiologybytes.com/video/Cyanobacteria.html

Cyanobacteria

Pigmentation Chlorophyll (a) Carotenoids Phycobillins Diversity = Species 200 - 7500 Occurrence Fresh Water-> Greatest Abundance & Diversity Salt Waterhttp://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/Cyanobacter...

Cyanobacteria

Filamentous forms, without heterocysts : go to top unicellular cyanobacteria multiple fission non-heterocystous, filamentous heterocystous, filamentoushttp://www.rz.uni-frankfurt.de/~schauder/cyanos/cyanos.html

cyanobacteria - definition of cyanobacteria by the Free Online ...

cy·a·no·bac·te·ri·um (s-n-b k-tîr-m, s-n-) n. pl. cy·a·no·bac·te·ri·a (-tîr-) A photosynthetic bacterium of the class Coccogoneae or Hormogoneae, generally blue-green ... http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cyanobacteria

Wikipedia results for Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, blue-green bacteria or Cyanophyta, is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria

Stromatolite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

While prokaryotic cyanobacteria themselves reproduce asexually through cell division, they were instrumental in priming the environment for the evolutionary development of more ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromatolites

Synechococcus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The genus was first described in 1979 [1] [2], and was originally defined to include "small unicellular cyanobacteria with ovoid to cylindrical cells that reproduce by binary ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synechococcus

Nitrogen fixation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria in coral reefs can produce twice the amount of fixed nitrogen than on land - around 1.8kg of nitrogen is fixed per hectare per day.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation

Photosynthesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Cyanobacteria: Molecular Biology, Genomics and Evolution (1st ed. ed.). Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-15-8. ^ McGraw Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetic
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Videos found for Cyanobacteria

JMDMT #19 Microfossils of Cyanobact...

JMDMT #19 Microfossils of Cyanobacteria in Carbonaceous MeteoritesThe James M. DuPont Meteorite Collection -man's mind almost as far back as man himself. The divergence of views on the matter is about as broad as it could be. Only a century and...Flash - Video

JMDMT #59 Microfossils of Cyanobact...

JMDMT #59 Microfossils of Cyanobacteria in Carbonaceous MeteoritesThe James M. DuPont Meteorite Collection - Bedford, R. H. 1933. Marine bacteria of the northern Pacific Ocean. The temperature range of growth. Contrib. Can. Biol. Fish. 7(34):...Flash - Video

Giant Ciliate attack over Cyanobact...

Giant Ciliate attack over CyanobacteriaIn another little video there was a Dinoflagellate dancing over the Cyanobacterial filament. Along came the Ciliate. Dino-gone. Video with a Nikon Coolpix 885 at 3x zoom, through...Flash - Video

JMDMT #1 Microfossils of Cyanobacte...

JMDMT #1 Microfossils of Cyanobacteria in Carbonaceous MeteoritesThe James M. DuPont Meteorite Collection -INSERT LINK:http://www.springerlink.com/content/u17384273280174l/ Comets, Carbonaceous Meteorites, and the Origin of the Biosphere large...Flash - Video

JMDMT #1095 Microfossils of Cyanoba...

JMDMT #1095 Microfossils of Cyanobacteria in Carbonaceous MeteoritesThe James M. DuPont Meteorite Collection - to LEW (53Mn/55Mn = (1.25 +/- 0.07) x 10-6) [9], which has a Pb-Pb age of 4.5578 +/- 0.0005 G.y. [10], the lower 53Mn/55Mn ratio of...Flash - Video

Answers for Cyanobacteria

craigCyanobacteria?craig:D Cyanobacteria is not an algae, and is not fully photosynthetic. Because it is a bacteria, it can also rely solely on nutrients in the water to survive. Because low lighting offers little chance ...puzzledHow would the size of bottle affect the culturing of cyanobacteria from a reservoir?puzzledCyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that live in liquid settings. The size of the bottle may determine how long it will take for your culture to reach the max load for it's environment, and dep...The MDVHow are cyanobacteria similar to other types of phytoplankton?The MDVon_gtWhat characteristics enable the cyanobacteria to be among the fist organisms to recolonise denuded?on_gtGo to this site to learn all you need on cyanobacteria, it's an interesting read. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyanobacteriaDonnie WWhat is the term for a population explosion of algae and cyanobacteria?Donnie WAn algal or bacterial bloom!
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