Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a vaccine that prevents infection with certain species of human papillomavirus associated with the development of cervical cancer, genital warts, and some less common cancers (e.g., anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile). Two HPV vaccines are currently on the market: Gardasil and Cervarix. Both vaccines protect against two of the HPV types that cause cervical cancer, and some other genital cancers; Gardasil also protects against two of the HPV types that cause genital warts.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a vaccine that prevents infection with certain species of human papillomavirus associated with the development of cervical cancer, genital warts, and some less common cancers (e.g., anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile). Two HPV vaccines are currently on the market: Gardasil and Cervarix. Both vaccines protect against two of the HPV types that cause cervical cancer, and some other genital cancers; Gardasil also protects against two of the HPV types that cause genital warts.
Public health officials in Australia, Canada, Europe and United States recommend vaccination of young women against HPV to prevent cervical cancer and genital warts, and to reduce the number of painful and costly treatments for cervical dysplasia, which is caused by HPV. Worldwide, HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in adults. For example, more than 80% of American women will have contracted at least one strain of HPV by age fifty.
Although most women infected with genital HPV will not have complications from the virus, worldwide there are an estimated 470,000 new cases of cervical cancer that result in 233,000 deaths per year. About eighty percent of deaths from cervical cancer occur in poor countries. In the United States, most of the approximately 11,000 cervical cancers found annually occur in women who have never had a Pap smear, or not had one in the previous five years.
Since the vaccine only covers some high-risk types of HPV, experts still recommend regular Pap smear screening even after vaccination.
Gardasil has been shown to also be effective in males, though it has not yet been approved by the FDA to be marketed as such.Cortez, Michelle Fay and Pettypiece, Shannon. "Merck Cancer Shot Cuts Genital Warts, Lesions in Men". Bloomberg News. (Bloomberg.com) 13 Nov 2008.
Safety
Gardasil is a 3 dose/injection vaccine and as of December 31, 2008, it has been administered to 7.7 million females in the USA as reported by the CDC (23 million doses). According to the CDC VAERS - Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System - the vaccine has been reported to have non-serious adverse events in 1 out of every 680. Non-Serious reports included fainting, pain and swelling at the injection site (the arm), headache, nausea and fever. SERIOUS reported events are 1 out of every 10,650. VAERS defines "serious adverse events" as events that involve death, permanent disability, life-threatening illness and hospitalization.
