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Although the exact area can be disputed, Central Florida tends to be thought of as the area including Orange, Osceola, Seminole, Lake, Brevard, and Volusia counties. Polk, Flagler, and Sumter counties are considered by some, including the local media, to be part of Central Florida. Although geographically in the central part of the state, usually the west central coast, including Hillsborough, Pinellas, Pasco, and Hernando counties, is considered the Tampa Bay area or the Suncoast, rather than a part of Central Florida. This area is known as the I-4 corridor.

In 2007, the estimated total population of the Central Florida region was just over 3.8 million people. Central Florida is a particularly unique region of Florida because it blends the traditional culture of the Deep South which is experienced in the rural areas, with the typical "Florida" culture that is dominated by national and international migration.

The largest cities in Central Florida are Orlando, Palm Bay, Lakeland, Melbourne, Deltona, Daytona Beach, Kissimmee, Altamonte Springs and Sanford.

For the last couple of decades, continuous heavy growth in the region, coupled with a lack of growth management has led to massive urban sprawl in the area. Outdated and unplanned transit infrastructure and traffic congestion is a growing concern. Local governments, long at odds with each other over growth, have now started taking a more regional approach and several transportation initiatives are now taking shape. As a result, the Central Florida Region is playing "catch-up" with massive road projects, such as the SR 408 (East-West Expressway) and Interstate 4 expansions and the Central Florida Commuter Rail set to open in 2009. A local citizens planning board, MyRegion.org, is steadily becoming an active voice in Regional planning and communication.

The area's biggest attractions include Walt Disney World, SeaWorld, Universal Studios Florida, Kennedy Space Center, Cypress Gardens, Bok Tower Gardens, Daytona International Speedway and Gatorland. Because of the large number of tourists who visit Central Florida every year, the area is home to not only numerous discount and factory outlet centers, but several major upscale shopping malls, bringing in the more sophisticated travelers and higher end residents. As a result, several major designers from Chanel to Louis Vuitton have shops in Orlando, most of which are located at the The Mall at Millenia. Central Florida has recently made great strides to diversify the economy. The Orlando area is poised to become a major medical research center with the University of Central Florida building a medical school, the Burnham Institute building a major biomedical research facility and a new Veterans Administration hospital all set to open by the end of the decade. All of the aforementioned facilities will be located in the Lake Nona area and will collectively be referred to as Medical City. See the article Orlando, Florida for more detailed information regarding the local economy.