for: Cappuccino (Application Development Framework)
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for: Cappuccino (Application Development Framework)
Cappuccino is an Italian coffee drink prepared with espresso, hot milk, and steamed-milk foam. A cappuccino as such differs from a caffè latte in that it is prepared with much less steamed or textured milk than the caffè latte, with the total of espresso and milk/foam making up between approximately 150 ml and 180 ml (5 and 6 fluid ounces). The European cappuccino differs from the US version of the beverage in volume, as the US cappuccino is more often served as a 12 oz drink. A cappuccino is traditionally served in a porcelain cup, which has far better heat-retention characteristics than glass or paper. The foam on top of the cappuccino acts as an insulator and helps retain the heat of the liquid, allowing it to stay hotter longer.
The first espresso machines used to make cappuccino were introduced at the beginning of the 20th Century, with the first patent being filed by Luigi Bezzera in 1901 (see "An Espresso timeline," http://www.cs.su.oz.au/~bob/Coffee/timeline.html). The beverage was used in Italy by the early 1900s, and grew in popularity as the large espresso machines in cafés and restaurants were improved during and after World War II. The cappuccino had developed into its current form by the 1950s.
Ingredients
Besides a shot of espresso, the most important element in preparing a cappuccino is the texture and temperature of the milk. When a barista steams the milk for a cappuccino, microfoam is created by introducing very tiny bubbles of air into the milk, giving the milk a velvety texture and sweetness. The traditional cappuccino consists of an espresso, on which the barista pours the hot foamed milk, resulting in a 2 cm (¾ inch) thick milk foam on top. Variations of the mixtures are usually called cappuccino chiaro (white cappuccino, also known as a wet cappuccino) with more milk than normal, and cappuccino scuro (dark cappuccino, also known as a dry cappuccino) with less milk (and typically more foam) than normal.
Attaining the correct ratio of foam requires close attention be paid while steaming the milk, thus making the cappuccino one of the most difficult espresso-based beverages to make properly. Moreover, a skilled barista may obtain artistic shapes while pouring the milk on the top of the espresso coffee. An essential step in steaming the milk is to remove ("blow") all water left as a result of previous steaming from the steam nozzle before introducing it into the milk.
