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The biological subfamily bovinae includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large sized ungulates, including domestic cattle, the bison, the water buffalo, the yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal sub-groups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include a cloven hoof and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having a true horn.
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Bovine Blog
Bovine Blog. Friday, May 06, 2005. The bovine revolution has begun ... I'll write tomorrow after it all goes down. Bovine Unite! posted by Millie The Cow at 9:00 AM ...bovineunite.blogspot.com/The Bovine Bugle
<img alt="TwinCowsWithTags0104C.JPG" src="http://WWW.STONYFIELD.COM/weblogarchives/BovineBugle ... Bovine Bugle. Subscribe to this blog's ...stonyfield.typepad.com/bovine/The Bovine
The Bovine on Antibiotic abuse in pig feed breeds drug ... Nourished Magazine editor's blog. Ontario Biodynamic Society. Ontario Landowners Association ...thebovine.wordpress.com/Bovine Blog - a COW blog
This is it! This cow has a blog! Interested about cow’s life? Check out Bovine Blog! ... you your pet write a blog too? Read also: No related ... Micro Blog ...www.liewcf.com/blog/archives/2005/05/bovine-blog-a-cow-blog/ODA "swats" Manna Storehouse Co-op " The Bovine
... Bovine learned about this incident from a comment on the Complete Patient blog by Don Neeper. ... statism watch " Blog Archive " SWAT Teams raiding Amish, ...thebovine.wordpress.com/2008/12/03/oda-swats-manna-storehous...The biological subfamily bovinae includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large sized ungulates, including domestic cattle, the bison, the water buffalo, the yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal sub-groups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include a cloven hoof and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having a true horn.
In most countries, bovines are used for food. Cows are eaten almost everywhere except in India, where bovines are considered sacred by Hindus.
Evolution
The closest relations to this subfamily are the Boselaphini and Tragelaphini tribes. There are 13 extant members. These species appear to have evolved over the last 5-8 million years.Maceachern S., McEwan J., Goddard M. (2009) Phylogenetic reconstruction and the identification of ancient polymorphism in the Bovini tribe (Bovidae, Bovinae). BMC Genomics 10(1):177 The first clade to diverge was the Buffalo clade (Bubalus and Syncerus species). This was followed by the Banteng/Gaur/Mithan clade and the domestic cattle clade. A fourth clade leading to the Bison and Yak species may also exist.
Systematics and classification
- FAMILY BOVIDAE
- Subfamily Bovinae
- Tribe Boselaphini
- Genus Tetracerus
- Four-horned Antelope, Tetracerus quadricornis
- Genus Boselaphus
- Nilgai or blue bull, Boselaphus tragocamelus (not to be confused with the extinct Bluebuck Hippotragus leucophaeus, Hippotraginae)
- Tribe Bovini
- Genus Bubalus
- Domestic Asian Water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis
- Wild Asian Water buffalo, Bubalus arnee
- Lowland Anoa, Bubalus depressicornis
- Mountain Anoa, Bubalus quarlesi
- Tamaraw, Bubalus mindorensis
- Genus Bos
- Aurochs, Bos primigenius (extinct)
- Banteng, Bos javanicus
- Gaur, Bos gaurus
- Gayal, Bos frontalis (domestic gaur)
- Yak, Bos mutus
- Domestic Cattle, Bos taurus (increasingly considered a subspecies of Bos primigenius)
- Kouprey, Bos sauveli
- Genus Pseudonovibos
- Kting Voar, Pseudonovibos spiralis
- Genus Pseudoryx
- Saola, Pseudoryx nghetinhensis
- Genus Syncerus
- African Buffalo, Syncerus caffer
- Genus Bison
- American Bison, Bison bison
- Wisent, Bison bonasus
- Steppe Wisent, Bison priscus (extinct)
- Tribe Strepsicerotini
- Genus Tragelaphus (antelope-like)
- Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekeii
- Nyala, Tragelaphus angasii
- Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus
- Mountain Nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni
- Lesser Kudu, Tragelaphus imberbis
- Greater Kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros
- Bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus
- Genus Taurotragus
- Common Eland, Taurotragus oryx
- Giant Eland, Taurotragus derbianus
