Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. Administratively, this island is divided between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei. Indonesians refer to the island as "Kalimantan." However, for people outside of Indonesia, "Kalimantan" refers to the area that Indonesia occupies on the island of Borneo. Malaysia's region of Borneo is called East Malaysia or Malaysian Borneo. The independent nation of Brunei occupies the remainder of the island. Brunei is the wealthiest nation in the island of Borneo.
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Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. Administratively, this island is divided between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei. Indonesians refer to the island as "Kalimantan." However, for people outside of Indonesia, "Kalimantan" refers to the area that Indonesia occupies on the island of Borneo. Malaysia's region of Borneo is called East Malaysia or Malaysian Borneo. The independent nation of Brunei occupies the remainder of the island. Brunei is the wealthiest nation in the island of Borneo.
Geography
Borneo is surrounded by the South China Sea to the north and northwest, the Sulu Sea to the northeast, the Celebes Sea and the Makassar Strait to the east, and the Java Sea and Karimata Strait to the south. It has an area of 743,330 km² (287,000 square miles).
To the west of Borneo 1 are the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. To the south is Java. To the east is the island of Sulawesi (Celebes). To the northeast is the Philippines.
Borneo's highest point is Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia, with an elevation of 4,095 m (13,435 ft) above sea level. This makes it the world's third highest island.
The largest river systems are the Kapuas River, with approximately the longest river in Indonesia, the Rajang River in Sarawak with some the longest river in Malaysia, the Barito River about long and the Mahakam River about long.
Borneo is also known for its extensive cave systems. Clearwater Cave has one of the world's longest underwater rivers. Deer Cave, thought to be the largest cave passage in the world, is home to over three million bats and guano accumulated to over high.
Cities in Borneo by population and year estimation
- Kuching, (765,430 people) Sarawak (2008)
- Balikpapan, (722,810 people) and metropolitan (1,987,000 people) Kalimantan (2008)
- Kota Kinabalu, (549,880 people) and metropolitan (900,000 people) Sabah (2008)
- Sandakan, (436,098 people) Sabah (2008)
- Bandar Seri Begawan, (158,110 people) and metropolitan (483,000 people) Brunei (2008)
- Tawau, (248,011 people) Sabah (2008)
- Banjarmasin (247,000 people) Kalimantan (2008)
- Pontianak (233,880 people) Kalimantan (2008)
- Kuala Belait (98,116 people) and metropolitan (245,800 people) Brunei (2008)
- Miri (229,550 people) Sarawak (2008)
- Sibu (209,910 people) Sarawak (2008)
- Jerudong (94,899 people) metropolitan (483,000 people) Brunei (2008)
