A bill of rights is a list or summary of rights that are considered important and essential by a nation. The purpose of these bills is to protect those rights against infringement by the government. The term "bill of rights" originates from Britain, where it referred to a bill that was passed by Parliament in 1689. An entrenched bill of rights exists as a separate instrument that falls outside of the normal jurisdiction of a country's legislative body. In many governments, an official legal bill of rights recognized in principle holds more authority than the legislative bodies alone. A bill of rights, on the other hand, may be weakened by subsequent acts passed by government, and they do not need an approval by vote to alter it.
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Schooner Bill of Rights
I've been trying to track down Bill of Rights crew from years past the wide ... I haven't updated or checked this blog in months, obviously. ...schoonerbillofrights.blogspot.com/Coalition for an Airline Passengers' Bill of Rights - Hotline > 1(877 ...
... blog ... Telegram Poll for Airline Passenger's Bill of Rights. Click here to join our ... Grassroots group argues for airline passenger bill of rights 1/23 ...www.strandedpassengers.blogspot.com/The Gamer's Bill of Rights | Edge Online
Brad Wardell's blog. Login or register to post comments. The Gamer's Bill of Rights ... If this Bill Of Rights does anything to alleviate these issues, then ...www.edge-online.com/blogs/the-gamers-bill-rightsThe Real Estate Consumer's Bill of Rights | Redfin Corporate Blog
The thing is the "Anti-Consumer Bill of Rights" ... http://www.my-currency.com/blogs/karim/2007/04/03/anti-consumer-bill-of-rig hts ...blog.redfin.com/redfin/2007/04/consumer_rights.htmlOpen Social Web
It is a blog post, and it is intended to spur conversation ... More on the Bill of Rights (from Joseph Smarr) Social network portability (with microformats) ...opensocialweb.org/A bill of rights is a list or summary of rights that are considered important and essential by a nation. The purpose of these bills is to protect those rights against infringement by the government. The term "bill of rights" originates from Britain, where it referred to a bill that was passed by Parliament in 1689. An entrenched bill of rights exists as a separate instrument that falls outside of the normal jurisdiction of a country's legislative body. In many governments, an official legal bill of rights recognized in principle holds more authority than the legislative bodies alone. A bill of rights, on the other hand, may be weakened by subsequent acts passed by government, and they do not need an approval by vote to alter it.
An unentrenched bill of rights exists as a separate act that is presented by a legislative body. As such it can be changed or repealed by the body that created it. It is not as permanent as a constitutional bill of rights. A constitutional bill cannot be changed except with the approval of that country's voting public.
In other jurisdictions, the definition of rights may be statutory. In other words, it may be repealed just like any other law, and does not necessarily have greater weight than other laws. Not every jurisdiction enforces the protection of the rights articulated in its bill of rights.
Australia is the only Western country with neither a constitutional nor legislative bill of rights, although there is ongoing debate in many of Australia's states. Victoria (VIC) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) are the only regions of the nation's states to have a human rights bill. Individual rights are protected by various laws instead.
Important bills of rights
- The Code of Hammurabi, a 4,000 year old document of laws and punishments that apply to every human being (and thus, vicarious freedoms) literally "set in stone." One of several similar codes from this period in the Middle East.
- Constitution of Ancient Athens, establishing the Athenian democracy, allowing elected leaders and separate branches of government written by Cleisthenes (508BC; Greece)
- Magna Carta (1215; England)
- Dušan's Code (1349; Serbia)
- Pacta Conventa (1573; Poland)
- Henrician Articles (1573; Poland)
- Petition of Right (1628; England)
- Bill of Rights 1689 (England) and Claim of Right Act 1689 (Scotland) This applied to all British Colonies of the time, and was later entrenched in the laws of those colonies that became nations - for instance in Australia with the Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865 and reconfirmed by the Statute of Westminster 1931 Statute of Westminster 1931
- Virginia Bill of Rights (June 1776)
- Preamble to the United States Declaration of Independence (July 1776)
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789; France)
- United States Bill of Rights to the United States Constitution (completed in 1789, ratified in 1791)
- Constitution of Greece (1822; Epidaurus)
- Basic rights and liberties in Finland (1919)
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
- Fundamental rights and duties of citizens in People's Republic of China (1949)
- European Convention on Human Rights (1950)
- Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens (1950)
- Implied Bill of Rights (a theory in Canadian constitutional law)
- Canadian Bill of Rights (1960)
- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982)
- Article 5 of the Constitution of Brazil (1988)
- New Zealand Bill of Rights Act (1990)
- Hong Kong Bills of Rights Ordinance (1991)
- Constitution of South Africa Chapter 2: Bill of Rights (1996)
- Human Rights Act 1998 (United Kingdom)
- Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2006)
