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Function
Beta cells make and release insulin, a hormone that controls the level of glucose in the blood. There is a baseline level of insulin maintained by the pancreas, but it can respond quickly to spikes in blood glucose by releasing stored insulin while simultaneously producing more. The response time is fairly quick, taking approximately 10 minutes.
Apart from insulin, beta cells release C-peptide, a byproduct of insulin production, into the bloodstream in equimolar quantities. C-peptide helps to prevent neuropathy, and other symptoms of diabetes related to vascular deterioration. Measuring the levels of C-peptide can give a practitioner an idea of the viable beta cell mass.
β-cells also produce amylin, also known as IAPP, islet amyloid polypeptide. Amylin functions as part of the endocrine pancreas and contributes to glycemic control. Amylin's metabolic function is now somewhat well characterized as an inhibitor of the appearance of nutrient glucose in the plasma. It thus functions as a synergistic partner to insulin. Whereas insulin regulates long term food intake, increased amylin decreases food intake in the short term.
Pathology
- Diabetes mellitus type 1 is caused by the destruction or dysfunction of insulin-producing beta cells by the cells of the immune system.
- In Diabetes mellitus type 2, by contrast, beta cells decline gradually over time, and insulin resistance plays at least as large a role in the disease
- Insulinoma is a rare tumor (usually benign) derived from beta cells. It results in recurrent and prolonged attacks of hypoglycemia.
Research
Much research is being done in the field of beta-cell physiology and pathology. One major research topic is its effects on diabetes. Many researchers are trying to find ways to use these beta-cells to help control or prevent diabetes. A major topic is the replication of adult beta-cells and the application of these to diabetes. The Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center at UCLA is a leading research center in the field, within the Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, directed by Dr. Peter Butler.
A team science effort also exists, known as the Beta Cell Biology Consortium (BCBC). The BCBC is responsible for facilitating interdisciplinary approaches that will advance the understanding of pancreatic islet development and function. The long-term goal of the BCBC is to develop a cell-based therapy for insulin delivery.
Beta Cell - NexTag.com
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Beta cells have channels in their plasma membrane that serve as glucose detectors. ... results from a cell-mediated autoimmune attack against the beta cells. ...users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Pancreas.h...Webvision: Morphology and Circuitry of Ganglion cells
By 1978, we knew that alpha and beta cells of Boycott and Wassle (1974) could be ... The 20 cell types over and above the alpha, beta and gamma cells were named from ...webvision.med.utah.edu/GC1.htmlResurrecting the Beta Cell in Type 2 Diabetes: Examining Tomorrow's ...
... adult stem-cell field -- to try to determine where the new beta cells come from. ... gamma has a number of cellular effects; the PPAR-gamma transcription ...www.medscape.com/viewprogram/6013_pntBeta-cells (Cytokines & Cells Encyclopedia - COPE)
Beta-cells and pancreatic A-cells are derived from an islet progenitor cell and ... Molecular Cellular Biology 12(8): 3531-3539 (1992); Yang C et al Mechanisms ...www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=Beta-cellsChemistry Nobel awarded for work on fluorescent protein
International Herald TribuneTwo scientists from the United States and one from Japan were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on Wednesday for the discovery and development of a brightly glowing protein first seen in jellyfish.http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/10/08/america/nobel.php1 Japanese, 2 Americans win Nobel in chemistry
International Herald TribuneThe Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences says Osamu Shimomura of Japan, and Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien of the United States have won the Nobel chemistry prize.http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/10/08/europe/EU-Sweden-N...2 Americans, 1 Japanese Win Nobel Prize
ABC News3 share Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovery of green fluorescent protein. http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=59811542 Americans, Japanese Win Chemistry Nobel
CBS NewsTwo Americans and a U.S.-based Japanese scientist won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their discovery and development of a protein that literally illuminates key processes such as the spread of cancer inside living organisms.http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/10/08/tech/main4508727.s...3 Win Nobel Chemistry Prize for Protein Discovery
Fox NewsJapan's Osamu Shimomura and Americans Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien won the Nobel Prize in chemistry on Wednesday for their discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,434302,00.htmlStudy links 'hygiene hypothesis' to diabetes prevention
PhysOrgIn people with type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas, stopping a person's ability to detect glucose and produce insulin. For the purposes of the study, the bacteria used were harmless microbes typically found in ... http://www.physorg.com/news142524655.htmlDeveloGen AG; DeveloGen Announces Completion Of A Phase 1 Clinical ...
ABN NewswireThe Company has a highly innovative and deep preclinical discovery pipeline addressing the key drivers in the development of diabetes and obesity such as insulin resistance and loss of insulin-producing beta cells. This pipeline includes two programs ... http://www.abnnewswire.net/press/en/57811/DeveloGen_AG;_Deve...Caliper Life Sciences and DiscoveRx Announce Availability of ...
MSN MoneyCentralPathHunter eXpress Beta-Arrestin kits for use with Caliper's LabChip instruments contain everything needed to perform screening or profiling experiments: cells, detection reagents, media and plates. The workflow improvements inherent to this ... http://news.moneycentral.msn.com/provider/providerarticle.as...Sponsored by:
MarketwatchA hallmark feature of Alzheimer's pathology is the presence of insoluble protein deposits known as beta-amyloid on the surface of nerve cells, which results from the accumulation of soluble beta-amyloid in the brain. The effects of the disease are ... http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/intellect-neuroscience...Pectin power
Genetic Engineering NewsOther food carbohydrates such as beta glucans are considered to be bioactive and their anti-cancer action can be attributed ... research is to identify how pectin can be taken up by the body and released so it can exert its effect on cancer cells. The ... http://www.genengnews.com/news/bnitem.aspx?name=43442931beta cell: Definition from Answers.com
beta cell n. Any of the insulin-producing cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Any of the basophilic chromophil cells located in thehttp://www.answers.com/topic/beta-cellbeta cells - definition of beta cells in the Medical dictionary - by ...
beta cells, n See cells, beta.http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Beta+cellsRetracing Stem Cell Development Leads to Insulin-Producing Cells ...
An average of 7 percent of the resulting cells produced all five pancreatic hormones, including insulin, and contained nearly as much insulin as adult beta cells, the researchers ... http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=retracing-stem-cell-deve...Pancreatic Cells Turned Into Insulin-Producing Beta Cells - US News ...
p>By Amanda GardnerHealthDay Reporter
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Scientists have succeeded in transforming pancreatic cells from adult mice ...
http://health.usnews.com/articles/health/healthday/2008/08/2...
























