Austria–Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the k.u.k Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. The state was a result of the Ausgleich or Compromise of 1867, under which the Austrian Habsburgs agreed to share power with a separate Hungarian government, dividing the territory of the former Austrian Empire between them. The Dual Monarchy existed for 51 years until 1918, when it dissolved following military defeat in the First World War.
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Austria–Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the k.u.k Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. The state was a result of the Ausgleich or Compromise of 1867, under which the Austrian Habsburgs agreed to share power with a separate Hungarian government, dividing the territory of the former Austrian Empire between them. The Dual Monarchy existed for 51 years until 1918, when it dissolved following military defeat in the First World War.
The Habsburg dynasty ruled as Emperor of Austria over the western and northern half of the country that was Empire of Austria (Cisleithania or Lands represented in the Reichsrat)Britannica 1911 and as King of Hungary over the Kingdom of Hungary (Transleithania or Lands of St Stephen's Crown) which enjoyed self-government and representation in joint affairs (principally foreign relations and defence).
The two capitals of the Monarch were Vienna for Austria and Budapest for Hungary. Austria-Hungary was geographically the second largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire (239,977 sq. m in 1905 ), and the third most populous (after Russia and the German Empire). Today, the territory it covered has a population of about 69 million.
As a multi-national empire and great power in an era of national awakening, it found its political life dominated by disputes among the eleven principal national groups.
The Monarchy bore the full name internationally of "The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen".
Creation
main: Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 which inaugurated the Empire's dualist structure in place of the former unitary Austrian Empire (1804–67) originated at a time when Austria had declined in strength and in power—both in the Italian Peninsula (as a result of the Austro–Sardinian War of 1859) and among the states of the German Confederation (where it had been replaced by Prussia as the dominant German-speaking power following the Austro–Prussian War of 1866). Other factors in the constitutional changes included continued Hungarian dissatisfaction with rule from Vienna and increasing national consciousness on the part of other nationalities of the Austrian Empire. Hungarian dissatisfaction grew partially from Austria's suppression, with Russian support, of the Hungarian liberal revolution of 1848–49. However, dissatisfaction with Austrian rule had grown for many years within Hungary, and had many other causes.
In the effort to shore up support for the monarchy, Emperor Franz Joseph began negotiations for a compromise with the Hungarian nobility to ensure their support. In particular, Hungarian leaders demanded and received the Emperor's coronation as King of Hungary, and the re-establishment of the parliament at Budapest with the powers to enact laws for the lands of the Hungarian crown.
