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Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as abv or ABV) is a standard measure of how much alcohol (ethanol) is contained in an alcoholic beverage (expressed as a percentage of total volume).
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Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as abv or ABV) is a standard measure of how much alcohol (ethanol) is contained in an alcoholic beverage (expressed as a percentage of total volume).
In some countries, alcohol by volume is referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac).
Typical ABV levels
- Fruit juice (naturally occurring): less than 0.1%
- Low-alcohol beer: 0.0%–4%
- Beer: 4%–12% (most often 4%–6%)
- Specialty beers: (13%–25%)
- Barley wine: 10%–15%
- Cider: 4%–8%
- Alcopops: 4%–17.5%
- Wine: 9%–16% (most often 12.5%–14.5%)
- Fortified wine: 18%–20%
- Liqueur: 16%–55%
- Spirits: 15%–95%
- Vodka: 32%–60% (usually around 40%)
- Rum: 37.5%–75.5%
- Whisky: 40%–55% (usually 40% or 43%)
- Absinthe: 55%–90%
- Poteen: 90%–95%
- Neutral grain spirit: 95%
- Rectified spirit: 96.5%
- Absolute alcohol: 100%
Proof and ABW
Another way of specifying the amount of alcohol is alcoholic proof, which is twice the alcohol-by-volume number.
In the United States, a few states regulate and tax alcoholic beverages according to alcohol by weight (ABW), expressed as a percentage of total mass. Some brewers print the ABW (rather than the ABV) on beer containers, particularly on low-point versions of popular domestic beer brands.
At relatively low ABV, the alcohol percentage by weight is about 4/5 of the ABV (e.g., 3.2% ABW is equivalent to 4.0% ABV). However, because of the miscibility of alcohol and water, the conversion factor is not constant but rather depends upon the concentration of alcohol. 100% ABW, of course, is equivalent to 100% ABV.
See also
- Alcoholic proof
- Unit of alcohol
























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