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The term affirmative action or positive action refers to policies that take race, ethnicity, or gender into consideration in an attempt to promote equal opportunity. The focus of such policies ranges from employment and education to public contracting and health programs. The impetus towards affirmative action is twofold: to maximize diversity in all levels of society, along with its presumed benefits, and to redress perceived disadvantages due to overt, institutional, or involuntary discrimination.

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Wikipedia About Affirmative Action

The term affirmative action or positive action refers to policies that take race, ethnicity, or gender into consideration in an attempt to promote equal opportunity. The focus of such policies ranges from employment and education to public contracting and health programs. The impetus towards affirmative action is twofold: to maximize diversity in all levels of society, along with its presumed benefits, and to redress perceived disadvantages due to overt, institutional, or involuntary discrimination.

Support

The impetus towards affirmative action is twofold: to maximize the benefits of diversity in all levels of society, and to redress perceived disadvantages due to overt, institutional, or involuntary discrimination. Supporters of Affirmative action cite the perceived present and past institutionalized limitations on the participants of the program.

Opposition

Some opponents say affirmative action devalues the accomplishments of people who are chosen because of the social group to which they belong rather than their qualifications. Opponents also contend that affirmative action devalues the accomplishments of all those who belong to groups it is intended to help, therefore making affirmative action counterproductive.

Opponents further claim that affirmative action has undesirable side-effects in addition to failing to achieve its goals. They argue that it hinders reconciliation, replaces old wrongs with new wrongs, undermines the achievements of minorities, and encourages groups to identify themselves as disadvantaged, even if they are not. It may increase racial tension and benefit the more privileged people within minority groups at the expense of the least fortunate within majority groups (such as lower-class whites).

Conservative commentator Dr. Thomas Sowell identified some negative results of race-based affirmative action in his book, Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study . Sowell writes that affirmative action policies encourage non-preferred groups to designate themselves as members of preferred groups (i.e., primary beneficiaries of affirmative action) to take advantage of group preference policies; that they tend to benefit primarily the most fortunate among the preferred group (e.g., upper and middle class blacks), often to the detriment of the least fortunate among the non-preferred groups (e.g., poor whites or Asians); that they reduce the incentives of both the preferred and non-preferred to perform at their best — the former because doing so is unnecessary and the latter because it can prove futile — thereby resulting in net losses for society as a whole; and that they increase animosity toward preferred groups.

International policies

An in-depth examination of the legal status of affirmative action, as well as the different kinds of programs that exist and their pros and cons, can be found in a paper written for the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights by one of its members, Marc Bossuyt. United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. Commission on Human Rights, Economic and Social Council, 17 June 2002

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News about Affirmative Action

Left-Leaning Jurist's Unlikely Ally

Washington PostGa. judge's friendship with conservative Justice Thomas may complicate her high court chances.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05...

Friendship With Conservative Thomas Complicates Supreme Court Chances for Georgia's Sears

Washington PostOne day in the early 1990s, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas telephoned Leah Ward Sears to introduce himself. She was a rising star in Georgia's legal community, a relatively liberal black woman on the state's conservative Supreme Court. Thomas had read about political attacks against Sears and...http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05...

Scouring Obama?s Past for Clues on Judiciary

New York TimesIn the Senate, Barack Obama assembled a nearly uniformly liberal voting record on judges, contradicting his pragmatism as a law professor.http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/10/us/politics/10court.html

David Souter's departure will remake court

Miami HeraldConventional wisdom now holds that Justice David Souter's retirement may do little to change the Supreme Court's overall ideological makeup: President Barack Obama will simply replace one liberal for another.http://miamiherald.com/news/issues_ideas/story/1039254.html

The conservative 'happy warrior'

Portsmouth HeraldOn the very day last week that Jack Kemp, the former quarterback, congressman and 1996 vice presidential candidate, succumbed to cancer, other Republicans were honoring his example by launching a search for new ideas and broader constituencies.http://www.seacoastonline.com/articles/20090510-OPINION-9051...

News about Affirmative Action

Inequality Control A conversation about race, genes, bias, and ...

Slate1. Sailer, the person in this conversation who most vigorously defends categorizing people by race in the course of assessing their worth to society, has offered to give up that practice . In exchange, he wants proponents of affirmative action to ... http://www.slate.com/id/2217996/

Dems want probe into 'freedmen' treatment

MSNBCMay 5: During the Politics Fix, Hardball’s Chris Matthews and a political panel argue over how much affirmative action should be taken into consideration for firefighter tests and whether the Supreme Court has a problem on their hands with this ... http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30588587/

Source: No charges likely over 'torture' memos

MSNBC   May 5: During the Politics Fix, Hardball’s Chris Matthews and a political panel argue over how much affirmative action should be taken into consideration for firefighter tests and whether the Supreme Court has a problem on their hands with ... http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30587005

Zuma has reached out to Afrikaners

The TimesThe FF Plus would make use of the opportunity by raising issues such as Afrikaans universities and education, name changes, affirmative action and poverty, self-determination, the status of the Afrikaner enclave Orania, and general minority rights. ... http://www.thetimes.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=996685

My print column: a chimerical standard (yours, not mine)

Guardian UnlimitedGood morning all. Here's a link to my column from today's FAV (formerly arboreal version) of the G. It's a ringing statement in behalf of affirmative action and in behalf of Obama putting a woman on the Supreme Court. I've only just started looking ... http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/michaeltomasky/2009/...

Search results for Affirmative Action

U.S. Department of Labor - Find It By Topic - Hiring - Affirmative ...

Affirmative Action. DOL Web Pages on This Topic; Laws & Regulations on This Topic; For federal contractors and subcontractors, affirmative action must be taken by ... http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/hiring/affirmativeact.htm

Affirmative Action History — Infoplease.com

Affirmative Action History ... Affirmative Action History A History and Timeline of Affirmative Action by Borgna Brunnerhttp://www.infoplease.com/spot/affirmative1.html

Affirmative Action and Diversity Page

Offers articles, theoretical analyses, policy documents, current legislative updates, and an annotated bibliography of research and teaching materials with an emphasis on the issue ... http://aad.english.ucsb.edu/

Affirmative Action Fall Report

TO: Provost Edward J. Ray FROM: Deborah Merritt, Chair of Committee on Affirmative Action RE: Committee Recommendations for Fall Quarter. In your charge to the Affirmative Action ... http://www.osu.edu/affirmative_action/

Affirmative Action - Cleveland State University

The Affirmative Action Office is responsible for the administration of the University's equal opportunity and affirmative action policies, programs and procedures.http://www.csuohio.edu/offices/affirmativeaction/

Wikipedia results for Affirmative Action

Affirmative action - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

See also: Affirmative action in the United States, Employment equity (Canada), Reservation ... The term affirmative action refers to policies that take race, gender, or ethnicity ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action

Affirmative action in the United States - Wikipedia, the free ...

Affirmative action in the United States refers to policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in an attempt to promote equal opportunity.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_Unite...

Affirmative action bake sale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An affirmative action bake sale is a campus protest event used by student groups to illustrate criticism of affirmative action policies, especially as they relate to college and ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action_bake_sale

Affirmative Action Around the World - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study is a 2004 nonfiction work by economist Thomas Sowell. Already known as a critic of affirmative action or race-based hiring ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_Action_Around_the_W...

Chinese for Affirmative Action - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chinese for Affirmative Action (CAA) is a San Francisco-based advocacy organization. Founded in 1969, its initial goals were equality of access to employment and the creation of ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_for_Affirmative_Action
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Answers for Affirmative Action

SomeoneAffirmative action?SomeoneI'm a democrat. I believe in equality. Time for us to fight for it, period. No special rights. No tolerance for those who want them or who try to use racial bigotry for their decisions (Chines...Samantha WHow prevelant is affirmative action these days in terms of applying to universities?Samantha WI am a minority myself and I must admit, affirmative action allowed me to get into prestigious schools that I otherwise would not have gotten into if I were white. Yes, I am valedictorian, ranked 1st ...xstalkrxHow to answer this question about affirmative action during a firefighter interview?xstalkrxI would say affirmative action, although created for a good reason, has been a failure. Affirmative action breeds racism instead of correcting it. Affirmative action has become a racist act against ...sciencegeek+What do you believe about affirmative action?sciencegeek+As a resident of the state of Michigan, I firmly believe that affirmative action is reverse discrimination and is therefore illegal. Besides, you have to wonder if it really helps those it is intende...MehmoodWhat is the relationship between Affirmative Action and descriptive statistics?MehmoodAffirmative Action is a policy intended to admit minority students and students from disadvantaged backgrounds (potentially) over more qualified students who are not of color or who are economically p...
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