Calorie restriction, or caloric restriction (CR), is a dietary regimen that restricts calorie intake, where the baseline for the restriction varies, usually being the previous, unrestricted, intake of the subjects. CR when not associated with malnutrition, improves age related health and slows the aging process in some animals and fungi by limiting dietary energy intake. CR is the only dietary intervention that has been documented to increase both the median and maximum lifespan in a variety of species, among them yeast, fish, rodents and dogs. There are currently ongoing studies on primates to show if CR works on primates, and even though they are showing positive indications it is still not certain if CR has a positive effect on longevity for primates and humans. So far, most CR studies on humans have targeted overweight people, and even moderate calorie restriction may be harmful in specific patient populations, such as lean persons who have minimal amounts of body fat. The effect of CR on IGF-1 serum levels seen in rodents has not been replicated in human trials. The life extension is varied, for mice and rats there is a 30-40% increase . Even though there has been research on CR for over 70 years the mechanism by which CR works is still not well understood.
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